Дата: 08 февраля 1999 (1999-02-08)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Galileo пролетел рядом с Европой
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Galileo пролетел рядом с Европой
Космический зонд Galileo пролетел в непосредственной близости от
одного из спутников Юпитера - Европы. Маневр был осуществлен успешно, все
научные данные записаны для дальнейшей передачи на Землю. Предыдущие
исследования показали, что под замерзшей поверхностью на Европе существует
жидкий океан. Хотя температура поверхности Европы составляет около -160
град. С, есть вероятность того, что тепло, выделяемое при приливах,
обусловленных гравитационным взаимодействием с Юпитером и другими его
спутниками, может поддерживать часть океана на Европе в жидком состоянии.
Считается, что трение, обусловленное приливами, является причиной
вулканической активности на другом спутнике Юпитера - Ио.
Источник: InfoArt News Agency
Hа сегодня все, пока!
=SANA=
Дата: 08 февраля 1999 (1999-02-08)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Galileo полетел ядом с Евопой (картинка) [1/2]
Привет всем!
Вот, свалилось из Internet...
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sum -r/size 55226/12422 section (from "begin" to last encoded line)
Hа сегодня все, пока!
=SANA=
Дата: 08 февраля 1999 (1999-02-08)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Galileo полетел ядом с Евопой (картинка) [2/2]
Привет всем!
Вот, свалилось из Internet...
section 2 of 2 of file n-02031.gif < uuencode 5.32 by R.E.M. >
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end
sum -r/size 44720/11168 section (from first encoded line to "end")
sum -r/size 35194/17100 entire input file
Hа сегодня все, пока!
=SANA=
Дата: 08 февраля 1999 (1999-02-08)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Астрономы открыли новую "малую" планету
Привет всем!
Вот, свалилось из Internet...
Астрономы открыли новую "малую" планету
[SpaceViews] Астрономы Женевской обсерватории открыли новую планету,
размер которой составляет менее половины массы Юпитера. Это самая
маленькая планета, найденная до сих пор в окрестности солнце-подобной
звезды. Планета вращается вокруг звезды HD 75289. Радиус ее орбиты
составляет 6,9 млн км, а один виток она совершает за 3,5 дня. Ранее вокруг
звезды HD 75289 было обнаружено 5 планет, которые вращаются по более
близким к ней орбитам.
Открытие было сделано на телескопе Леонарда Эйлера диаметром 1,2 м,
расположенном в Чили. Солнце-подобная звезда HD 75289 расположена на
расстоянии 94 световых лет от Земли, она немного тяжелее Солнца и вдвое
ярче него.
Источник: InfoArt News Agency
Hа сегодня все, пока!
=SANA=
Дата: 08 февраля 1999 (1999-02-08)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Астрономы открыли новую "малую" планету (картинка)
Привет всем!
Вот, свалилось из Internet...
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end
sum -r/size 19250/9309 section (from "begin" to "end")
sum -r/size 5295/6733 entire input file
Hа сегодня все, пока!
=SANA=
Дата: 08 февраля 1999 (1999-02-08)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Космическое зеркало не раскрылось
Привет всем!
Вот, свалилось из Internet...
Космическое зеркало не раскрылось
Эксперимент "Знамя" по развертыванию в космосе гигантского зеркала из
пленки, покрытой тонким слоем алюминия, который экипаж орбитальной станции
"Мир" должен был провести вчера 4 февраля, пока провести не удалось. Около
13 часов по московскому времени грузовой корабль "Прогресс М-40" с
укрепленной на нем конструкцией со свернутой металлизированной пленкой был
отстыкован от станции "Мир". В развернутом виде эта пленка имеет вид круга
диаметром 25 м. Однако по команде со станции зеркало не развернулось -
пленка зацепилась за антенну, которая неожиданно раскрылась после
отстыковки "Прогресса". Космонавты пытались сдернуть пленку с антенны,
включая двигатели "Прогресса" и двигая антенной. Полотно пленки
освободилось, но его перехлест все равно не позволил развернуть его.
Очередная попытка проведения эксперимента "Знамя" отложена на пятницу 5
февраля, но в ЦУПе считают, что шансов развернуть космическое зеркало
почти нет.
Источник: InfoArt News Agency
Hа сегодня все, пока!
=SANA=
Дата: 08 февраля 1999 (1999-02-08)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Космическое зеркало не раскрылось (картинка)
Привет всем!
Вот, свалилось из Internet...
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`
end
sum -r/size 23492/7383 section (from "begin" to "end")
sum -r/size 49725/5335 entire input file
Hа сегодня все, пока!
=SANA=
Дата: 08 февраля 1999 (1999-02-08)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Cluster II launch details released (Forwarded)
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ESA Science News
http://sci.esa.int
03 Feb 1999
Cluster II launch details released
New photographs and details of the dual launches involving the four
Cluster II spacecraft have now been posted on the Cluster II web site.
The new pages include information on launch preparations, the launch
site, the spacecraft orbits and the Soyuz launcher with its newly
developed Fregat upper stage which will boost the Cluster spacecraft
into their preliminary parking orbit.
The ambitious ESA mission to explore near-Earth space will involve
two Soyuz rockets, each fitted with the Fregat fourth stage. The Soyuz
vehicles will be provided by the Starsem company, a French-Russian
company which is marketing the highly reliable booster in the West.
The first pair of Cluster II satellites (FM6 and FM7) is currently set
for launch in mid June, 2000 from Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan,
to be followed by the second pair (FM5 and FM8) in mid-July 2000. They
will eventually be inserted into highly elliptical polar orbits which
vary from 25,500 to 125,000 km above the Earth.
For the next two years, the spacecraft will fly in formation as they
provide the first three-dimensional study of the interaction between
the solar wind and Earth's magnetic shield -- the magnetosphere.
USEFUL LINKS FOR THIS STORY
The launches
http://sci.esa.int/missions/indexf.cfm?typeID=8&page=main&
targetpage=www.estec.esa.nl/spdwww/clusterII/launches.html
Starsem home page
http://www.aerospatiale.fr/groupe/filiales/starsema.htm
More about Cluster
http://sci.esa.int/cluster
Andrew Yee
ayee@nova.astro.utoronto.ca
Hа сегодня все, пока!
=SANA=
Дата: 08 февраля 1999 (1999-02-08)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Knots of evaporating gas in supernova remnant support theory(Forwarded
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News Bureau
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
807 S. Wright St., Suite 520 East
Champaign, IL 61820-6219
(217) 333-1085 fax (217) 244-0161
e-mail: uinews@uiuc.edu
CONTACT: James E. Kloeppel, Physical Sciences Editor
(217) 244-1073 E-mail: kloeppel@uiuc.edu
February 1999
Knots of evaporating gas in supernova remnant support theory
CHAMPAIGN, Ill. -- The expanding shock wave of a supernova remnant in the
Large Magellanic Cloud has provided strong evidence to support a popular
model of the interstellar medium, says a University of Illinois astronomer
who directed an international team studying the object.
"One theory concerning the global structure of the interstellar medium says
that supernova shock waves will interact with the cold gas and dust of the
interstellar medium, eventually forming three distinct temperature phases,"
said You-Hua Chu, a U. of I. professor of astronomy. "Although this
'three-phase model' has been popular for the past 20 years, no one had found
convincing evidence for one of the model's basic tenets -- a cold cloud
evaporating in the hot medium."
To study the supernova remnant -- called N63A, Chu and her colleagues
obtained optical images from the Hubble Space Telescope and high-resolution
X-ray images from the ROSAT X-ray telescope. "The X-ray observations reveal
the full extent of this huge supernova remnant," Chu said, "but the optical
images show the features we are most interested in."
Among those features are three bright clouds of gas and dust, similar in
size to the Orion Nebula. Two of the clouds show distinct filamentary
structures indicative of shock-wave compression, Chu said. The outward
rushing shock wave has not yet reached the third, most distant cloud.
Numerous shocked cloudlets -- smaller clumps of gas embedded in the
interstellar medium -- also were detected within the supernova remnant.
"Swept back by high-velocity shock waves, these evaporating cloudlets
provide clear support for the three-phase model," said Chu, who presented
the team's findings at the American Astronomical Society meeting, held Jan.
5-9 in Austin, Texas.
After a massive star is formed, its stellar wind blows much of the
surrounding interstellar medium away, creating a huge shell in space called
an interstellar bubble. "Because the interstellar medium is not homogeneous,
the denser knots of material [cloudlets] are left behind," Chu said. "The
optical emission region of this supernova remnant appears the way it does
because the supernova exploded inside an interstellar bubble in a cloudy
medium."
The supernova remnant lies in the Large Magellanic Cloud, a small
neighboring galaxy to our own Milky Way, about 160,000 light-years from
Earth.
In addition to Chu, collaborators on the project included astronomer John
Dickel, visiting researcher Adeline Caulet, and graduate students Sean
Points and Rosa Williams (all at the U. of I.); astronomer Margarita Rosado
and graduate student Lorena Arias-Montano at the Universidad Nacionale
Autonoma de Mexico; astronomer Annie Laval and graduate student Patricia
Ambrocio-Cruz at the Marseille Observatory; and astronomer Dominik Bomans
at the University of Bochum in Germany.
Andrew Yee
ayee@nova.astro.utoronto.ca
Hа сегодня все, пока!
=SANA=
Дата: 08 февраля 1999 (1999-02-08)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: X-ray structure in supernova remnants linked to age (Forwarded)
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Вот, свалилось из Internet...
News Bureau
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
807 S. Wright St., Suite 520 East
Champaign, IL 61820-6219
(217) 333-1085 fax (217) 244-0161
e-mail: uinews@uiuc.edu
CONTACT: James E. Kloeppel, Physical Sciences Editor
(217) 244-1073 E-mail: kloeppel@uiuc.edu
February 1999
X-ray structure in supernova remnants linked to age
CHAMPAIGN, Ill. -- A team of astronomers studying supernova remnants has
found direct evidence linking the pattern of their X-ray emission to the
size -- and therefore, age -- of the remnants.
"As supernova remnants grow in size, we discovered that the X-ray emission
from the center of the remnant becomes brighter than that from the edge,"
said Rosa Williams, a graduate student in astronomy at the University of
Illinois. "Our results provide new insight into the distribution of gas
shocked by the supernova blast wave, and the nature of material between
stars."
When a massive star nears the end of its life, the outward pressure of its
thermonuclear reactions can no longer counter the inward pull of gravity.
The star collapses in on itself and, within a fraction of a second, rebounds
in a tremendous explosion called a supernova. Much of the star's material is
flung outward, forming an expanding sphere of gas and dust called a
supernova remnant. X-rays are produced by supernova remnants when the
supersonically expanding shock hits the surrounding material.
"Since the shock front is roughly spherical, we normally expect the X-rays
to form a spherical shell structure, like a soap bubble," Williams said.
"The shell appears brightest at the edge, where our line of sight intersects
the most X-ray-emitting material. While the shocked material in the interior
of the shell can also produce X-rays, this gas is usually too diffuse to be
detected."
Nonetheless, it has long been known that some supernova remnants show X-ray
emission over the entire face of the remnant, sometimes even brighter toward
the center, Williams said. "If this emission is indeed coming from inside
the remnant, where the shock has already passed, then something must be
raising the density of the material in the interior until the hot gas is
dense enough, and therefore bright enough at X-ray wavelengths, to be seen
by our instruments."
Using X-ray observations from the ROSAT satellite, Williams and her
colleagues -- You-Hua Chu and John R. Dickel of the U. of I., Robert Petre
of the Goddard Space Flight Center, R. Chris Smith of the Cerro-Tololo
Inter-American Observatory, and Maritza Tavarez of the University of
Michigan -- studied the structure and distribution of gas in supernova
remnants within the Large Magellanic Cloud, a satellite galaxy of our own
Milky Way. They classified the objects by their X-ray structures, and
determined that these structures vary according to the remnant's size:
Smaller remnants have shell-like X-ray emission, while larger remnants
appear to have more X-ray emission from inside the shell.
"Because supernova remnants are continually expanding, a remnant becomes
larger as it gets older," Williams said. "So it looks like what we're seeing
is a change in the remnants as they age, with more and more of the X-ray
emission coming from the inside of the remnants."
If this is indeed the case, said Williams, who presented the team's findings
at the January meeting of the American Astronomical Society, theories to
explain the presence of detectable X-ray emission from the interior of
supernova remnants must also account for the age progression.
Andrew Yee
ayee@nova.astro.utoronto.ca
Hа сегодня все, пока!
=SANA=
Дата: 08 февраля 1999 (1999-02-08)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Space Shuttle Managers Reorder Next Two Flights, 1999 Launch Dates Set
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Jennifer McCarter
Headquarters, Washington, DC February 5, 1999
(Phone: 202/358-1639)
James Hartsfield
Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX
(Phone: 281/483-5111)
RELEASE: 99-15
LAUNCH ADVISORY: SPACE SHUTTLE MANAGERS REORDER NEXT TWO FLIGHTS,
SET PLANNING LAUNCH DATES FOR OTHER 1999 MISSIONS
Space Shuttle managers this week decided to reorder the next
two Shuttle missions, targeting a May launch for Discovery on STS-
96, the next International Space Station mission, ahead of a July
launch of Columbia on STS-93, carrying the Chandra X-Ray
Observatory. Planning dates also were set for missions throughout
1999.
Official launch dates are announced following the Space
Shuttle Flight Readiness Review, approximately two weeks before a
launch. The following target dates have been set for planning
purposes:
*STS-96 DISCOVERY Space Station Assembly Flight 2A.1
May 20, 1999
*STS-93 COLUMBIA Chandra X-Ray Observatory July
9, 1999
*STS-99 ENDEAVOUR Shuttle Radar Topography Mapper
Sept. 16, 1999
*STS-101 ATLANTIS Space Station Assembly Flight 2A.2
Oct 14, 1999
*STS-92 DISCOVERY Space Station Assembly Flight 3A
Dec. 2, 1999
STS-96 will be carrying interior supplies and logistics to
the station in a double Spacehab module and install U.S. and
Russian spacewalkers' "cranes" on the station's exterior. STS-93
will be a five-day mission to place Chandra in orbit, the third of
NASA's complementary family of space-based "Great Observatories"
and the largest and heaviest shuttle cargo ever. STS-99 will be a
mission devoted to Earth observations using a three-dimensional
imaging radar.
STS-101 will carry logistical equipment to the station and
assist in outfitting and checkout of the Russian-supplied Service
Module, an early station living quarters. It also will be the
first flight of the Multifunction Electronic Display System, also
called the "glass cockpit," a modification that has replaced many
of Atlantis' cockpit instruments with computer screen displays, a
technology pioneered by NASA and common aboard commercial
airliners. STS-92 will carry the first exterior framework, or
truss, to be attached to the station as well as a third mating
adapter.
The changes in the first two flights are a result of recent
delays in shipping the Chandra X-Ray Observatory from the TRW
Space and Electronics Group factory in Redondo Beach, CA, to
NASA's Kennedy Space Center, FL, to begin launch preparations.
Work on Chandra in California has now been completed, and the
observatory arrived at Kennedy on Thursday aboard an Air Force C-5
cargo aircraft. The other schedule changes allow flexibility for
additional tests and prelaunch preparations for the Service Module
launch.
-end-
Hа сегодня все, пока!
=SANA=
Дата: 08 февраля 1999 (1999-02-08)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Sky & Telescope News Bulletin - February 5, 1999
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SKY & TELESCOPE'S NEWS BULLETIN
FEBRUARY 5, 1999
SOHO'S RETURN
The Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) is back in business, having
returned from the brink of failure yet again. On December 21st, SOHO's last
attitude-controlling gyroscope failed, forcing the spacecraft to keep
itself pointed at the Sun using steering rockets. But this was using too
much precious hydrazine fuel, jeopardizing SOHO's operational lifetime.
Engineers at the European Space Agency and Matra Marconi Space developed
software to control the spacecraft that circumvents the gyroscopes. As of
February 2nd, SOHO has returned to regular monitoring of the Sun. This
marks the first time that a satellite equipped with gyroscopes has
continued to operate without them.
Astronomers have announced that data from the spacecraft have led to an
explanation of where high-speed solar wind originates. Don Hassler
(Southwest Research Institute) and his colleagues explain in the February
5th issue of Science that ultraviolet observations from 1996 show that the
solar surface in regions called coronal holes display a honeycomb pattern,
which marks the boundaries of subsurface convection cells. "If one thinks
of these cells as paving stones in a patio," says Helen Mason (University
of Cambridge), "then the solar wind is breaking through like grass around
the edges, concentrated in the corners where the paving stones meet." Hot
gas is accelerated by magnetic fields at these boundaries to more than one
million miles per hour. Now that the astronomers know where the solar wind
originates, they can focus on understanding the processes that accelerate
the gas.
MARS GLOBAL SURVEYOR READIES FOR MAPPING
The Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft has just completed months of touchy and
dangerous "aerobraking" to achieve its final orbit around the red planet.
Starting in September 1997, NASA controllers cautiously nudged the
spacecraft into many delicate skims through Mars's uppermost atmosphere to
shrink its orbit without using fuel to brake. On February 4th jubilant
mission controllers announced that they had finally worked the craft down
into its planned circular orbit just above the Martian atmosphere. Mars
Global Surveyor is scheduled to begin a nearly two-year program of imaging
the Martian surface in extremely fine detail starting on April 3rd. Its
mapping camera will resolve objects on the ground as small as 1.5 meters (5
feet) across. The camera has already returned numerous panoramic views with
resolutions nearly this fine.
THIN AIR ON CALLISTO
Data from the Galileo spacecraft have revealed that Callisto -- Jupiter's
second-largest moon -- has a thin atmosphere of carbon dioxide. The finding
by Robert W. Carlson (Jet Propulsion Laboratory) appears in today's issue
of Science. It is now known that all four of Jupiter's largest moons have
atmospheres -- Europa and Ganymede each have thin envelopes of oxygen,
while Io is surrounded by sulfur dioxide. Carlson found Callisto's
atmosphere by examining data from Galileo's Near-Infrared Mapping
Spectrometer (NIMS) made in September 1997. There had been hints that the
moon's surface had carbon dioxide, and these new results confirm it.
Carlson notes that the molecules can be easily lost -- ionized by solar
ultraviolet radiation and then carried away by Jupiter's magnetic field.
Thus, there must be some form of replenishment. Imagery suggests areas
where gas has escaped through surface fractures.
PLUTO RECONSIDERED
Can Pluto have "dual citizenship"? Can it remain a "major" planet in spirit
even though it's listed in astronomers' master list of "minor" planets?
That was the question that kept astronomical email lines sizzling
throughout December, January, and early February. The cosmic controversy
came about because the count of numbered asteroids (those with reliable
orbits) is approaching 10,000, and the search is on for a suitably
important name to pair with the entry #10000. Last year Brian Marsden, who
heads the International Astronomical Union's Minor Planet Center, had
suggested Pluto for this honor. Pluto is not an asteroid, of course, but it
is much smaller than the solar system's other planets. In fact, it's widely
considered the largest member of the growing collection of trans-Neptunian
objects generally known as the Kuiper Belt.
However, unhappy with the prospect of Pluto sporting a minor-planet
designation, MIT astronomer Richard Binzel offered a counterproposal:
create a separate catalog for Kuiper-belt members, and make Pluto the first
object in *that* list. Vigorous debate ensued, culminating in a vote of
sorts among officials of the IAU at year's end. No clear consensus emerged,
and the controversy continued to fester both among astronomers and in the
press. Finally, on February 4th the IAU's General Secretary, Johannes
Andersen, announced a clarification. The IAU is not proposing to "demote"
Pluto from its status as the ninth planet, he states, and it has decided
against assigning Pluto a minor-planet number. Where the other
trans-Neptunian objects will ultimately be tallied -- in the existing
minor-planet list or in a separate list -- remains unresolved.
Also after 20 years of being closer to the Sun than Neptune, Pluto once
again reclaims the title of "the outermost planet" on February 11th. Pluto
will be farther from the Sun than Neptune for about the next 230 years.
(And yes, this date for the crossover *is* correct; slightly different
dates you may have seen are based not on the position of Pluto itself, but
on the center of mass of the Pluto-Charon system. Charon is Pluto's large
moon.)
COMET MISSION TO LAUNCH
The first sample-return mission to a comet is scheduled to begin on
Saturday, as NASA's Stardust spacecraft is to launch from Cape Canaveral at
21:07 Universal Time (16:07 Eastern Standard Time). Stardust will fly by
Comet Wild 2 in 2004 where it will capture particles of dust from the coma.
The spacecraft will return home in January 2006 where it will eject a
capsule that will be recovered on Earth's surface.
THIS WEEK'S "SKY AT A GLANCE"
Some daily events in the changing sky, from the editors of SKY &
TELESCOPE.
FEB. 7 -- SUNDAY
* Vesta, the brightest asteroid, is drifting near the Cancer-Leo border
this week. It's shining at magnitude 6.2, bright enough to see easily in
binoculars once you identify the correct point. Use the finder chart in the
February Sky & Telescope, page 112, or at
http://www.skypub.com/sights/skyevents/9902skyevents.html.
FEB. 8 -- MONDAY
* Last-quarter Moon (exact at 6:58 a.m. Eastern Standard Time).
* Skywatchers in eastern North America will find the eclipsing star Algol
in Perseus near minimum light at dusk, glowing at magnitude 3.4 instead of
its usual 2.1. It takes several more hours to rebrighten. For a complete
listing of Algol's predicted minima through the end of this observing
season, see http://www.skypub.com/sights/variables/algol.html.
FEB. 9 -- TUESDAY
* The red long-period variable star T Eridani should be near maximum
brightness (8th magnitude) this week.
FEB. 10 -- WEDNESDAY
* If you've got a telescope, compare Venus, Jupiter, and Saturn in the
western twilight this month. One obvious difference among them in a
telescope is their different surface brightnesses. All are covered with
more-or-less whitish clouds that reflect sunlight about equally well. Their
very different surface brightnesses, from dazzling Venus to much dimmer
Saturn, are caused entirely by their different distances from the Sun.
FEB. 11 -- THURSDAY
* After 20 years of being closer to the Sun than Neptune, Pluto once
again reclaims the title of "the outermost planet." Pluto will be farther
from the Sun than Neptune for about the next 230 years. (And yes, the
February 11th date for this crossover IS correct; slightly different dates
you may have seen are based not on the position of Pluto itself, but on the
center of mass of the Pluto-Charon system. Charon is Pluto's large moon.)
FEB. 12 -- FRIDAY
* Some doorstep astronomy: This is the time of year when Orion stands
highest in the south during early to midevening. Look for the diagonal row
of three stars forming Orion's Belt. The brightest stars of Orion are
orange-red Betelgeuse (to the Belt's upper left) and white Rigel (the same
distance to the Belt's lower right).
FEB. 13 -- SATURDAY
* More doorstep astronomy: To the lower left of Orion, by about two
fist-widths at arm's length, is Sirius, the brightest star in the night
sky. It is the nearest star ever visible to the naked eye from midnorthern
latitudes, being only 8.6 light-years away.
THIS WEEK'S PLANET ROUNDUP
MERCURY is hidden in the glare of sunset.
VENUS, brilliant at magnitude -3.9, shines low in the west during dusk, to
the lower right of Jupiter. Watch Venus and Jupiter grow closer each
evening until their spectacular close conjunction on February 23rd.
MARS, shining at magnitude +0.3 in Virgo, rises around 11:30 p.m. and is
high in the south before dawn. The star to its right or upper right (by
about a fist-width at arm's length) is Spica. In a telescope Mars is still
only a tiny 8.5 arcseconds in apparent diameter. But it's getting bigger;
Mars will reach opposition on April 24th and pass closest to Earth on May
1st, when it will appear 16.2 arcseconds wide.
JUPITER, magnitude -2.1, shines in the west-southwest during and after
dusk, to the upper left of brighter Venus and farther to the lower right of
dimmer Saturn. It sets around 8:30 p.m.
SATURN, magnitude +0.3, is the yellowish "star" far to Jupiter's upper
left. The two planets appear about 30 degrees apart, on opposite sides of
Pisces.
URANUS and NEPTUNE are hidden in the glare of sunrise.
PLUTO, magnitude 13.8, is in Ophiuchus in the southeast before dawn.
(All descriptions that relate to the horizon or zenith are written for the
world's midnorthern latitudes. Descriptions that also depend on longitude
are for North America. Eastern Standard Time, EST, equals Universal Time
minus 5 hours.)
More details, sky maps, and news of other celestial events appear each
month in SKY & TELESCOPE, the essential magazine of astronomy. See our
enormous Web site at http://www.skypub.com/. Clear skies!
SKY & TELESCOPE, P.O. Box 9111, Belmont, MA 02478 * 617-864-7360 (voice)
Copyright 1999 Sky Publishing Corporation. S&T's Weekly News Bulletin and
Sky at a Glance stargazing calendar are provided as a service to the
astronomical community by the editors of SKY & TELESCOPE magazine.
Widespread electronic distribution is encouraged as long as these
paragraphs are included. But the text of the bulletin and calendar may not
be published in any other form without permission from Sky Publishing
(contact permissions@skypub.com or phone 617-864-7360). Updates of
astronomical news, including active links to related Internet resources,
are available via SKY & TELESCOPE's site on the World Wide Web at
http://www.skypub.com/.
In response to numerous requests, and in cooperation with the Astronomical
League (http://www.mcs.net/~bstevens/al/) and the American Association of
Amateur Astronomers (http://www.corvus.com/), S&T's Weekly News Bulletin
and Sky at a Glance are available via electronic mailing list too. For a
free subscription, send e-mail to skyline@corvus.com and put the word
"join" on the first line of the body of the message. To unsubscribe, send
e-mail to skyline@corvus.com and put the word "unjoin" on the first line of
the body of the message.
SKY & TELESCOPE, the Essential Magazine of Astronomy, is read by more than
200,000 enthusiasts each month. It is available on newsstands worldwide.
For subscription information, or for a free copy of our catalog of fine
astronomy books and products, please contact Sky Publishing Corp., 49 Bay
State Rd., Cambridge, MA 02138-1200, U.S.A. Phone: 800-253-0245 (U.S. and
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custserv@skypub.com. WWW: http://www.skypub.com/. Clear skies!
Hа сегодня все, пока!
=SANA=
Дата: 08 февраля 1999 (1999-02-08)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Air Force clears way for Titan rockets to return to flight (Forwarded)
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Air Force Space Command News Service
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: February 02, 1999
Air Force clears way for Titan rockets to return to flight
COLORADO SPRINGS, Colo.(AFSPCNS) -- After a six-month stand down, Air
Force Space Command's Titan launch vehicle fleet is ready to begin its
return to flight. AFSPC temporarily suspended launch of Titan IVBs and
Titan IIs following an Aug. 12, 1998, mishap involving a Titan IVA carrying
a National Reconnaissance Office satellite. It was the last scheduled launch
for the "A" model.
The results of the Accident Investigation Board inquiry indicated
electrical shorts in the Vehicle Power Supply wiring harness most likely
caused the vehicle to catastrophically fail approximately 41 seconds into
powered flight. The shorts originated in the second stage of the core
vehicle.
After thoroughly reviewing the most likely cause of the mishap, the Air
Force, in concert with Lockheed Martin Astronautics, developed a list of
corrective actions necessary to ensure the Titan launch vehicles are able
to return to flight. All corrective actions must be completed before the
rockets are cleared to launch. The commanders of the 30th and 45th Space
Wings from Vandenberg and Patrick Air Force Bases, respectively, concurred
with a plan which outlines the return to flight criteria.
The wing commanders are the launch authorities on the East and West Coasts
and are responsible for ensuring that all return to flight criteria are met
before they resume launching the Titan IVBs and Titan IIs.
Specific to the Titan IVA-20 mishap, steps that have or will be taken to
meet the RTF criteria include:
* Reinspect all wire harnesses of current Titan launch vehicles.
* Redesign or modify systems related to vehicle power and guidance.
* Improve inspection, protection and documentation procedures.
The Air Force Space Command Commander and Director, National
Reconnaissance Office have agreed on the plan to return the Titan to
flight. Air Force Space Command, the Space and Missile Systems Center
and Lockheed Martin Astronautics have already completed most of the
corrective actions for the Titan fleet.
A Titan IVB carrying a Defense Support Program satellite is slated to
liftoff from Cape Canaveral AS, Fla., in late March or early April and a
Titan II is scheduled to be launched from Vandenberg AFB, Calif., in late
April.
The Air Force has a 94 percent success rate for all launch vehicles. The
United States operates the safest and most reliable launch fleet in the
world.
Andrew Yee
ayee@nova.astro.utoronto.ca
Hа сегодня все, пока!
=SANA=
Дата: 08 февраля 1999 (1999-02-08)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: S-CAM -- an exciting new instrument sees first light on La Palma(Forwa
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ESA Science News
http://sci.esa.int
04 Feb 1999
S-CAM -- an exciting new instrument sees first light on La Palma
On 2 February, the Astrophysics Division's S-CAM instrument saw 'first
light' at the 4.2m William Herschel Telescope on La Palma, observing the
pulsar at the centre of the Crab nebula.
S-CAM, a totally new instrument concept, is equipped with an array of
'superconducting tunnel junctions' (STJ), small chips of the metal
tantalum, cooled with the help of a bath of liquid helium to a temperature
within a degree of absolute zero.
The Crab Pulsar provides an ideal target for verifying the camera's photon
counting and timing capabilities. The figure
[http://sci.esa.int/categories/astrophysics/images/00008741.gif] shows
the characteristic 'light curve' signature of the pulsar: two beams of light
which shine out, like a lighthouse, one weak and long the other bright and
short, in each revolution. These data were obtained from just one of the
36 tantalum chips in S-CAM in a four minute exposure.
We started research into STJs in 1986, at first with the aim of developing
a new detector for future X-ray astronomy missions. However it emerged
that STJs were also sensitive at longer wavelengths, that is in the ultra-
violet, optical and even infrared parts of the spectrum. Our attention
therefore turned to developing an instrument that could be used in optical
astronomy, with 'proof-of-concept' at a ground-based telescope.
The power of the STJ is that it can detect, with very high efficiency, single
photons making up a beam of light and determine precisely both the arrival
time and the wavelength, that is the colour, of individual photons -- a
unique combination. The STJ has applications, not only in astronomy but in
the commercial and industrial fields, where fast measurements to capture
transient phenomena in colour at very low light levels are required.
Discovered at radio wavelengths in 1968, the Crab pulsar is a neutron star
spinning about 30 revolutions per second. The pulsar, together with a
surrounding nebula, was left behind when a star, about 5000 light years
away in the Taurus constellation, exploded as a supernova, appearing in
1054 AD.
The staff of the WHT at the Isaac Newton Group, in particular Peter Moore,
are thanked for excellent support for this commissioning run.
USEFUL LINKS FOR THIS STORY
Astronews 37
http://astro.estec.esa.nl/SA-general/Astronews/37-html/an37.html#stj
STJ Detectors
http://astro.estec.esa.nl/SA-general/Research/Stj/STJ_main.html
Andrew Yee
ayee@nova.astro.utoronto.ca
Hа сегодня все, пока!
=SANA=
Дата: 08 февраля 1999 (1999-02-08)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: STARDUST Launch Rescheduled For February 7
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MEDIA RELATIONS OFFICE
JET PROPULSION LABORATORY
CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
PASADENA, CALIF. 91109. TELEPHONE (818) 354-5011
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov
STARDUST LAUNCH STATUS
Saturday, February 6, 1999
The launch of NASA's Stardust spacecraft from Cape
Canaveral, FL, has been tentatively rescheduled for Sunday,
February 7, at 4:04:15 p.m. Eastern Standard Time (EST).
On the first day of the launch window, Saturday, February
6, the launch was aborted about one minute before liftoff due to
a problem with telemetry data from a radar beacon on the Delta
launch vehicle used to track the rocket as it ascends.
Live coverage on NASA Television will begin at 2:30 p.m.
EST Sunday. A post-launch briefing is planned to be broadcast
on NASA Television at 6 p.m. Eastern.
Stardust will send a spacecraft flying through the cloud of
dust that surrounds the nucleus of a comet and, for the first
time ever, bring cometary material back to Earth.
NASA Television is broadcast on the satellite GE-2,
transponder 9C, C band, 85 degrees west longitude, frequency
3880.0 MHz, vertical polarization, audio monaural at 6.8 MHz.
#####
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=SANA=
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