Дата: 19 ноября 1998 (1998-11-19)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: NASA And Vanderbilt University Announce Scholarship Program
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Beth Schmid
Headquarters, Washington, DC November 17, 1998
(Phone: 202/358-1760)
Jill Bratina
Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
(Phone: 615/343-6866)
RELEASE: 98-207
NASA AND VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY ANNOUNCE SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM
NASA and Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, have joined to
sponsor a "Chroniclers of Discovery" Scholarship Program to help
inspire and train students to become effective communicators of
science, engineering, and technology to the public.
The two-tier scholarship combines the practical scientific
and engineering experience of NASA; the academic expertise of
Vanderbilt; the hands-on experience of the U.S. Space and Rocket
Center in Huntsville, AL; the science communications background of
the Discovery Channel, Bethesda, MD; and the resources of the
Tennessee Space Grant Consortium and the National Space Grant
College & Fellowship Program.
At the ninth/tenth grade level, scholarships will enable
students to participate in a Science Communication Space Academy,
and at the high school senior level, one student will win a full-
tuition scholarship to attend Vanderbilt University, funded by
NASA through the Tennessee Space Grant Consortium.
"NASA is committed to communicating to the American public
what we learn through our mission of scientific research, space
exploration and technology development, to benefit the quality of
life on Earth," said Frank Owens, director of NASA's Education
Division. "This requires a new emphasis in preparing students for
both technical and communications professions. This new
educational program demonstrates our commitment to this important
realization."
The scholarships will be awarded in national competitions
open to all eligible students. To be eligible, the student must
also be accepted for admission to Vanderbilt. The winning high
school senior then receives a full-tuition scholarship to
Vanderbilt, which offers an interdisciplinary major in science
communication.
"The American public needs to be able to make informed
decisions about the scientific and technological issues facing our
society," said Dr. Rick Chappell, director of Vanderbilt's Office
of Science and Research Communications. "We've seen a growing
demand over the years for professional communicators who are
trained in the sciences, and that's why we developed the
Chroniclers of Discovery program."
In addition to being given the scholarship, the student also
will be invited to participate in a summer work-study program at
the Discovery Channel, where he or she will be able to develop
science communication skills in a practical setting. Discovery is
helping to promote the scholarships through its popular
educational programs and web site for teachers.
Between 20 and 40 ninth and tenth grade winners will receive
a scholarship to a special Science Communications Space Academy at
the U.S. Space and Rocket Center. These scholarships are funded
by several state members of NASA's Space Grant Consortium National
Network. Students will spend a week learning about science,
astronauts and space, and will take part in a simulated space
flight. In addition, the student astronauts will prepare for and
participate in a simulated press conference once they've "landed"
back on Earth, where they will be asked to communicate their
science results and space flight experience in clear and
interesting terms.
Applicants will submit biographical information, teacher
recommendations, and a written or videotaped story describing, in
accurate and compelling terms, a past scientific discovery or
technological advance. Entries -- following a specific set of
guidelines -- are due by Jan. 15, 1999. A panel comprised of
representatives from different science communications careers and
from the supporting organizations will choose the winner of the
Vanderbilt tuition scholarship. The Space Academy winners will be
chosen by the Space Grant Consortia in their respective states.
The Vanderbilt scholarship recipient will be honored at a special
symposium on communicating discovery to be held at Vanderbilt in
April 1999.
Interested high school seniors should contact Vanderbilt
University Admissions (615/322-2561) for information and
guidelines on the Vanderbilt Scholarship. Ninth and tenth grade
students should contact the U.S. Space and Rocket Center (1-800-
894-2575) for information and guidelines on the Science
Communication Space Academy scholarships.
-end-
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=SANA=
Дата: 19 ноября 1998 (1998-11-19)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Voyager 2 Update - November 17, 1998
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MEDIA RELATIONS OFFICE
JET PROPULSION LABORATORY
CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
PASADENA, CALIF. 91109. TELEPHONE (818) 354-5011
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov
Voyager Mission Status
November 17, 1998
The Voyager 2 spacecraft, now on the outer fringes of the
solar system, was returned to normal flight operations Saturday,
November 14, after a 66-hour communications black-out which began
abruptly on Thursday, November 12.
Ground controllers at the Deep Space Network station near
Madrid, Spain, lost Voyager 2's signal on Wednesday night at
about 11:57 p.m. Pacific Standard Time (07:57 Universal Time
Thursday). At the time, the spacecraft was in the process of
shutting down power to its scan platform which contains science
instruments, including the ultraviolet spectrometer. Preliminary
analysis indicated that the commands were properly sent to the
spacecraft.
Turning off the scan platform is part of a power
conservation plan to keep Voyager 2 operating until at least the
year 2020. There are still five experiments operating on Voyager
2: the cosmic ray instrument, low-energy charged particle
instrument, plasma science instrument, plasma wave instrument and
the magnetometer. As the spacecraft's onboard plutonium power
source decays, it is necessary to periodically reduce the
spacecraft electrical power usage in order to maintain an
adequate power margin.
About 720 commands were sent Thursday to turn on the
spacecraft's X-band transmitter; however, communication with the
spacecraft was not immediately reestablished. Subsequent
analysis of the probable failure modes suggested the spacecraft's
onboard S-band exciter, a small oscillator used to generate the
spacecraft's carrier frequencies, could have been shut off. About
360 commands were sent Friday evening to turn the spacecraft's S-
band exciter back on.
The flight team reacquired the spacecraft's signal Saturday
evening at approximately 6:18 p.m. Pacific Standard Time (02:18
Universal Time on Sunday). Telemetry had been switched to a data
rate of 40 bits per second from the standard operating rate of
160 bits per second. Spacecraft systems were functioning
normally, although some hardware components were slightly warmer
than expected. The flight team reported that the backup X-band
transmitter was on at the time of signal reacquisition.
Subsequent analysis of the spacecraft computer memory showed
that the scan platform power-down sequence had executed exactly
as planned. The team will continue to analyze data to determine
the cause of signal loss.
Voyager 2 is departing the solar system at 48 degrees to the
south of the ecliptic plane at a speed of 15.9 kilometers per
second (35,000 miles per hour). Round-trip light time from Earth
to Voyager 2 is currently about 16 hours. The spacecraft is now
8.4 billion kilometers (5.2 billion miles) from Earth, or more
than 56 times farther from the Sun than Earth is.
Its twin, Voyager 1, the most distant human-made object in
space, is healthy and operating normally. Voyager 1 is leaving
Earth's neighborhood at 35 degrees to the north of the ecliptic
plane at a speed of about 17.3 kilometers per second (38,752
miles per hour). Voyager 1 is currently 10.8 billion kilometers
(6.7 billion miles) from Earth.
#####
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=SANA=
Дата: 19 ноября 1998 (1998-11-19)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Leonids meteor shower ... good news and bad news (Forwarded)
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Centre for Research in Earth
and Space Technology
Toronto, Ontario
Leonids meteor shower ... good news and bad news
November 17, Toronto -- Billed as the first meteor storm of the modern space
age, the "two-part" Leonids storm didn't quite live up to scientists'
expectations earlier this afternoon, but still offered viewers in the Far
East a fantastic display during its two-hour peak beginning at roughly 2:20
pm EST.
Ground observations collected by the Canadian science teams in Ulaan Baator,
Mongolia and at Tindal Air Force Base, Australia, revealed a density of
roughly 100-200 meteors per hour, posing little threat to Earth's satellite
fleet. This number falls many times shy of the Leonids meteor storm of 1966,
which coincided with the last trip by parent comet Tempel-Tuttle as part of
its normal 33-year orbit around the Sun.
"While it wasn't what we anticipated, it was a great opportunity for our
science team to further develop our predictive model," said Richard
Worsfold, CRESTech's Leonids project manager, who is with the Australia
team at Tindal. "But, it's great news for satellite operators, who now only
have to worry for part-B of the storm, which isn't until this time next year."
In superlative terms, this year's Leonids will not go down in history as the
first of the modern space age but as one of many showers. However, if "part
B" of the storm takes place as predicted next year, as now seems to be the
case, all records are still up for grabs.
The 1999 storm, or shower, will be visible on November 17 next year,
although this time visible over Europe and the Middle East and will quite
definitely be the last opportunity for a major meteor storm for at least
another 30 years.
As of the shower's end, no satellites operators had reported anomalies. In
all likelihood, these reports will, if applicable, be generated over the
next several days or weeks at the discretion of satellite owners.
Generally speaking, a storm requires sightings of at least 1000 meteors per
hours, while a shower requires only about 100. Attached is a list of the
recent meteor showers for comparison.
* 1998 -- Leonids - 100 to 200 meteors/hour at peak
* 1998 -- Draconid meteors - 300 meteors/hour at peak
* 1993 -- Perseid meteors - 350 meteors/hour at peak
* 1985 -- Draconid meteors - 500 meteors/hour at peak
* 1969 -- Leonids - 350 meteors/hour at peak
* 1966 -- Leonid meteors - 100,000 meteors/hour at peak (storm)
The Centre for Research in Earth and Space Technology (CRESTech) is a
not-for-profit science and technology organization created to conduct
multidisciplinary collaborative research and development in Earth and space
sciences. It is based in Toronto, Canada and supported by the Ontario
government?s Centres of Excellence program.
For more information on CRESTech's Leonids Program, please visit
www.crestech.ca, or contact:
Andre Bellefeuille
CRESTech Communications
(416) 665-5464 office,or (416) 707-9120 cell
Andrew Yee
ayee@nova.astro.utoronto.ca
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=SANA=
Дата: 19 ноября 1998 (1998-11-19)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Miniaturized Transmitter To Be Used In Efforts To Save Babies
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Renee Juhans
Headquarters, Washington, DC November 18, 1998
(Phone: 202/358-1712)
John Bluck
Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA
(Phone: 650/604-5026)
Janet Basu
University of California, San Francisco, News Services
(Phone: 415/476-2557)
RELEASE: 98-208
MINIATURIZED TRANSMITTER TO BE USED IN EFFORTS TO SAVE BABIES
Early next year, a NASA-developed "pill transmitter" is
expected to begin monitoring mothers and their babies
following corrective fetal surgery. The "pill" will monitor
body temperature, pressure and other vital signs in the womb,
radioing this critical information to physicians.
NASA's Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, is
developing the pill, which is about one-third-of-an-inch
across and one-and-one-third-inches long, in cooperation with
the Fetal Treatment Center at the University of California,
San Francisco. Later, an even smaller pill will be developed
that can be swallowed by astronauts so that NASA can track
their vital signs during space travel.
"Nearly every time doctors operate on a fetus, the
mother will later undergo pre-term labor that must be
monitored," said Dr. Carsten Mundt, an electrical engineer on
the Sensors 2000 team at Ames. "Pre-term labor is a serious
problem that is difficult to predict and monitor with
conventional equipment, and often leads to the death of the
baby."
"But if you implant our pill, you can measure pressure
changes in the uterus that result from contractions," Mundt
said. "When doctors are able to monitor the magnitude and
frequency of contractions, the physicians can identify the
onset of pre-term labor early enough to prevent it from
becoming life threatening to the fetus."
Earlier, pediatric surgeons at the Fetal Treatment
Center pioneered a cesarean surgical approach to treat
fetuses suffering from various birth defects including
congenital diaphragmatic hernia. In this condition, a hole
in the baby's diaphragm lets internal organs shift from
inside the abdomen into the chest cavity, leaving
insufficient room for lung development. Sixty to 75 percent
of babies born with this condition perish. During some of
these earlier surgeries, physicians implanted larger sensor-
transmitters to monitor mothers and their fetuses.
Recently, Fetal Treatment Center surgeons changed their
technique from cesarean to a less-intrusive endoscopic method
during which they make small incisions and insert tube-like
devices through the mother's abdominal wall.
Normally, an endoscope is used to see into the interior
of a body or hollow organ. Endoscopic instruments are now
also used more frequently in surgeries requiring smaller
incisions.
"This minimally invasive method represents the future of
fetal surgery," said Michael Harrison, M.D., founding
director of the Fetal Treatment Center, who in 1981 performed
the world's first corrective surgery on a fetus before birth.
"Because there are no commercially available sensor-
transmitters small enough to fit through the tubes used in
the new endoscopic surgery technique, scientists and
engineers on our team developed the pill-shaped device so
that it can pass through the tubes," said Ames team member
Mike Skidmore. "Our first pill-shaped device can transmit
temperatures as well as the pressure of uterine
contractions."
Ames scientists are testing a prototype version of
another pill that can measure and transmit pH, or acidity in
the fetus, according to Dr. Chris Somps, a scientist on the
Sensors 2000 team. "Plans also call for even smaller pills
that will measure the electrical activity of the fetal
heart," he said. "These pills will transmit fetal heart
data, as well as measurements of the baby's body chemicals
including ionic calcium, carbon dioxide and glucose."
"We would also like to use this technology to study what
happens to astronauts during space travel," said Skidmore.
"Not only could they swallow the smaller pill transmitters we
plan to develop, but we have a conceptual design of small,
flat transmitters that can be taped to the body like plastic
bandages."
"There are many possible medical uses for this
technology; pills could monitor intestinal pressure changes,
or stomach acidity in ulcer patients," Mundt said. "The
acid-base balance in the body is a basic measure of health."
-end-
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=SANA=
Дата: 19 ноября 1998 (1998-11-19)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Mars Global Surveyor Aerobraking Update - November 16, 1998
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Mars Global Surveyor Aerobraking Status Report
Monday, November 16 (DOY 316/19:00:00 to DOY 320/19:00:00 UTC)
Last Orbit Covered by this Report = 726
Total Phase I Aerobraking orbits accomplished = 180
Total Phase II Aerobraking orbits accomplished = 153
Total Science Phasing orbits accomplished = 290
Apoapsis altitude = 8950 km
Apoapsis altitude decrease since start of aerobraking = 45075 km
Periapsis altitude = 113.5 km
Current Orbit Period = 05:56:37
Orbit Period decrease since start of aerobraking = 39:02:56
Starting Phase II orbit period = 11:38:02
RECENT EVENTS:
Aerobraking operations continue to be uneventful as planned. The past 15
drag passes have provided 21.5 minutes of orbit period reduction. The rate
of period reduction continues to out perform the baseline plan by 8.8
minutes. The margin is a valuable asset as long as orbit phasing does not
become adversely affected. The project is now trying to decrease the average
dynamic pressure to a value closer to 0.20 N/m2 which should maintain the
8.8 minute margin. The 6-orbit running mean is currently 0.270 N/m2 which is
above the 0.23 corridor control trigger limit. Periapsis raise maneuvers
have been executed on orbits 714 and 726. The results of the latter maneuver
has not yet been seen, therefore the running mean continues to climb due to
the lag.
Currently, sequence P724 is controlling the S/C activities. It will be
replaced early this evening with P728 which will control activities starting
with orbit 728 through orbit 731. Since the orbit period is below 6 hours, a
new sequence is being built in slightly less than 24 hours. Currently, the
Navigation team predicts the period for 5 future orbits. The 1st is not used
and the next 4 provide timing for the primary orbits in a sequence. Two
additional orbits are included using the 6th and 7th predicted orbit periods
as backup, but are not intended to be used. The decision to increase the
number of primary orbits to 5 and thus the predicted orbits to 6 may be made
at this week's reset meeting on Wednesday. Orbit timing predictions continue
to be very good, although a slight delta V under prediction has been
observed over the past 4 days.
Subsystems continue to report excellent S/C health and performance. The -Y
solar array yoke has shown no change in structural performance. The panel
stiffness calculation has only been valid 3 times during the period but
shows no degradation when the data is available. Attitude knowledge has been
maintained throughout the period with excellent star processing. The power
subsystem reports strong performance with 11.7 % maximum battery discharge
depths each orbit. There is now 10.1 minutes of primary charger margin. The
minimum MOLA laser temperature observed this period was 11.2°C during the
corridor control maneuver on orbit 714. The largest temperature increase due
to aero-heating was 67°C on the -Y solar array, cell side. The
telecommunications subsystem continues solid performance. A short two hour
S/C communications outage was experienced on DOY 317 (11/13) due to Lunar
occultation.
UPCOMING EVENTS:
Periapsis for Orbit 727 DOY320/20:01:42 UTC Through
Periapsis for Orbit 735 DOY322/18:53:53 UTC
(Note: MST = UTC-7 hours DOY320=11/16)
SPACECRAFT COMMANDING:
There were 9 command files radiated to the S/C during this period. The total
files radiated since launch is now 2972. These commands were sent in support
of the following activities:
Nominal drag pass sequences (P712, P716, P720, P724)
Nominal corridor control maneuver sequences (A714, A726)
Command loss timer resets
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=SANA=
Дата: 19 ноября 1998 (1998-11-19)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Deep Space 1 Quick Facts
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DEEP SPACE 1: Quick Facts
http://nmp.jpl.nasa.gov/ds1/quick_facts.html
Mission Name: Deep Space 1 (DS1)
Objective: To test 12 advanced technologies in deep space to lower the cost
and risk to future science-driven missions that use them for the first time.
Project Manager: David Lehman
Major Contractors/Contribution: Spectrum Astro Inc., Gilbert, AZ (Spacecraft
partner ); NASA Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, OH, Hughes Electron
Dynamics Division, Torrance, CA, Spectrum Astro, Moog Inc., East Aurora NY
and Physical Science Inc., Andover, MA, (Ion Propulsion System); AEC-Able
Engineering Inc., Goleta, CA, Tecstar, City of Industry, CA, Entech, Keller,
TX, NASA's Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, OH (Solar Concentrator Arrays);
NASA's Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, Carnegie Mellon University,
Pittsburgh, PA (Remote Agent); U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ, SSG
Inc., Waltham, MA, University of Arizona Lunar and Planetary Laboratory,
Tucson, AZ, Boston University Center of Space Physics, Boston, MA, Rockwell
International Science Center, Thousand Oaks, CA (Miniature Integrated Camera
Spectrometer [MICAS]); Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, Los
Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM (Plasma Experiment for Planetary
Exploration[PEPE]); Motorola Government Space Systems Division Technology
Group, Scottsdale, AZ (Small Deep Space Transponder); Lockheed Martin,
Valley Forge, PA (Ka-Band Solid-State Power Amplifier); Massachusetts
Institute of Technology's Lincoln Laboratory, Cambridge, MA (Low-Power
Electronics); U.S. Air Force's Phillips Laboratory, Kirtland Air Force Base,
NM, Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, CO (Multifunctional Structure);
Lockheed Martin Missiles and Space Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, Boeing Co., Seattle,
WA (Power Activation and Switching Module).
Total Cost: $152.3M (FY95-99)
Development Costs (new start to launch + 30 days): $94.8M
Operations Costs: $10.3M
Launch Service(including launch vehicle): $43.5M
Science: $3.7M
New Start Date: October 1, 1995
Launch Date: October 24, 1998
Launch Vehicle: Delta 7326-9.5 Med-Lite (first use of this model)
Launch Site: Cape Canaveral Air Station, Florida
Mission Events:
Validation Of:
-SCARLET (solar arrays) October 1998
-Small Deep Space Transponder October 1998
-MICAS (Miniature Integrated Camera Spectrometer) November 1998
-Ion Propulsion System November/December 1998
-Autonomous Navigation December 1998
Flyby Of:
-Asteroid 1992 KD On July 29, 1999 At 10 km Altitude
End Of Mission Date: September 1999
Launch Mass: 486.32kg (includes spacecraft and propellants)
High Gain Antenna Diameter: 0.274 meters
Communications Frequencies: X, Ka
Max Data Rate: 20 kilobits per second
Max Power: 2500W (a majority of this power, 2100W, is used to power the ion
engine)
Date info. last updated: 11/5/98
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=SANA=
Дата: 19 ноября 1998 (1998-11-19)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Leonid Meteor Storm Springs Early Surprise/Leonids peak earlier than e
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Royal Astronomical Society Press Notice
Date: 18 November 1998
Released at 1.00 a.m.
Ref. PN 98/24
Issued by:
Dr Jacqueline Mitton
RAS Public Relations Officer
Office & home phone: Cambridge ((0)1223) 564914
FAX: Cambridge ((0)1223) 572892
E-mail: jmitton@dial.pipex.com
Leonid Meteor Storm Springs Early Surprise
Early reports suggests that the expected Leonid meteor storm did indeed take
place -- but around 16 hours sooner than forecast. Astronomers working at the
UK's Isaac Newton Telescope on the island of La Palma in the Canary Islands
estimated that they were seeing meteors at a rate of 2000 per hour as dawn
broke around 5 a.m. GMT on Tuesday 17th November, with numbers still going
up.
Amateur astronomers and member of the public in the UK and other western
European countries have been reporting large numbers of meteors -- hundreds
per hour -- between about 1.00 and 6.00 a.m. on the 17th. By noon GMT, the
rate seemed to have declined substantially, according to reports from
observers in the US, where it was still dark. The peak of the storm probably
occurred over the Atlantic Ocean around 6 a.m. GMT.
Astronomer Dr Alan Fitzsimmons of the Queen's University, Belfast, was one
of the lucky observers to witness the storm in the clear dark skies over the
La Palma Observatory. "The number of bright meteors is astounding" he wrote
as the storm grew in intensity at about 5.30 a.m.. "Every couple of minutes
you get a bright flash behind you and you turn around to see the trail
fading. The brightest meteors have bright green trails, and often bright red
heads. We are approaching one meteor per second and the rate still seems to
be increasing, but twilight is now beginning."
The precise timing and strength of an exceptional meteor storm such as this
is extremely difficult to predict. Astronomers bold enough to make forecasts
had suggested the peak was most likely to be seen around 8 p.m. GMT, and any
storm best seen from the Far East. Once the observations made this year are
analysed, it should be easier to predict whether there could be a repeat
performance in 1999.
No information has yet been received on whether any satellites or spacecraft
suffered damage as a result of the meteor storm.
*****
ESA Science News
http://sci.esa.int
18 Nov 1998
Leonids peak earlier than expected
This year's Leonids shower was a wonderful event for those who finally enjoyed
clear skies and stayed up long after midnight on 16 November, or got up early
on the 17th. All indications are now that the peak of the Leonids shower was
well ahead of the predicted time for the maximum rates (predicted time 19:15
to 20:00 UTC 17 November). Preliminary results indicate that the Earth passed
the maximum about 16 hours earlier.
This is, however, well within the uncertainties. Besides the threat meteor
storms pose to spacecraft, there is also a significant interest in their
scientific study. Meteors provide us with information about the larger grains
(size of a grain of sand to a few centimetres) emitted from the nucleus of
comets and about their dynamics, i.e. orbits in space. The study of their
trails when they burn up in the upper atmosphere gives us information on the
composition of the grains.
Our poor understanding of how the dust grains are emitted from comets and of
their density and shape -- all factors that influence their dynamics -- is
responsible for the large uncertainties that exist when predicting the
occurrence of storms.
But here Rosetta, ESA's mission to comet Wirtanen, will provide the crucial
information. Besides studying in detail the composition of a cometary nucleus,
the spacecraft will follow the comet along its path from its most distant
point from the Sun through perihelion (about the Sun).
It will provide detailed information of the dust emission process -- the
emission speeds as a function of grain size -- and study if the emission is
continuous or in outburst, (so-called jets).
All this will contribute to a significantly better understanding of cometary
processes and to a more accurate prediction of phenomena like meteor showers
and storm.
G. Schwehm
Rosetta project scientist
USEFUL LINKS FOR THIS STORY
ESA's John Zarnecki speaking on BBC (RealAudio)
http://news.bbc.co.uk/olmedia/215000/audio/_216474_zarnecki.ram
Rosetta project
http://sci.esa.int/rosetta/
BBC news report
http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/special_report/1998/11/98/the_leonids_98/
newsid_216000/216446.stm
Leonids Live
http://www.LeonidsLive.com/
Andrew Yee
ayee@nova.astro.utoronto.ca
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=SANA=
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