Дата: 09 октября 1998 (1998-10-09)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Омский "Полет" готовится к запуску немецких спутников
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Омский "Полет" готовится к запуску немецких спутников
Генеральный директор производственного объединения "Полет" ( г. Омск)
Олег Дорофеев заявил сегодня о планах предприятия запустить в апреле и
ноябре
будущего - 1999 года - телекоммуникационные спутники Германии "Abricas" и
"Tchemp". Спутники будут запущены носителями серии "Космос" производства
Омского ГПО с заводской стартовой площадки в Плесецке.
По словам Дорофеева, макеты спутников в настоящее время прошли
таможенный контроль в Москве и находятся по пути в Омск.
В случае успешного начала сотрудничества, "Полет" рассчитывает на
расширение программы, которая включает в себя запуск по до 10 аппаратов в
год.
8.10.98
Источник: InfoArt News Agency
Hа сегодня все, пока!
=SANA=
Дата: 09 октября 1998 (1998-10-09)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Правительство РФ постановило начать реализацию международного
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Правительство РФ постановило начать реализацию международного
проекта "Днепр"
5 октября вышло постановление Правительства РФ о создании
международной космической компанией "Космотрас" (российско-украинская) на
внебюджетной основе и коммерческой эксплуатации космического ракетного
комплекса "Днепр" на базе технологий межконтинентальных баллистических
ракет РС-20.
РКА и Минобороны совместно с компанией "Космотрас" поручено в
трехмесячный срок разработать и утвердить положение о создании и
использовании комплекса "Днепр".
8.10.98
Источник: InfoArt News Agency
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=SANA=
Дата: 09 октября 1998 (1998-10-09)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Вчера на Байконуре началась предстартовая подготовка к запуску ФГБ
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Вчера на Байконуре началась предстартовая подготовка к запуску ФГБ
"Заря"
Пресс-служба ГКHПЦ имени Хруничева распространила информацию о
начале со вчерашнего дня заправки системы терморегулирования блока "Заря"
так
называемыми спецкомпонентами, а именно - этиленгликолем. Это значит, что
на Байконуре, где накануне завершились повторные электрические испытания
ФГБ, стартовала подготовка к запуску "Зари" из расчета дня старта - 20
ноября с.г.
8.10.98
Источник: InfoArt News Agency
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=SANA=
Дата: 09 октября 1998 (1998-10-09)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: MGS Aerobraking Update - October 3, 1998
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Mars Global Surveyor Aerobraking Status Report
Saturday, October 3 (DOY 273/19:00:00 to DOY 276/19:00:00 UTC)
Last Orbit Covered by this Report = 594
Total Phase I Aerobraking orbits accomplished = 180
Total Phase II Aerobraking orbits accomplished = 21
Total Science Phasing orbits accomplished = 290
Apoapsis altitude = 16612 km
Apoapsis altitude decrease since start of aerobraking = 37414 km
Periapsis altitude = 116.6 km
Current Orbit Period = 10:44:05
Orbit Period decrease since start of aerobraking = 34:15:28
Starting Phase II orbit period = 11:38:02
RECENT EVENTS:
The Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft continues excellent performance during
Phase 2 aerobraking. No corridor control maneuvers have been required to
maintain the average ( 4-orbit running mean) dynamic pressure within the
desired corridor of 0.14 to 0.24 N/m2. Over the past 6 orbits 17 minutes and
34 seconds have been trimmed from the orbit period. Periapsis altitudes have
been mostly stable, varying only about 1 km every 3-4 orbits. The dynamic
pressures have ranged from 0.13 - 0.26 N/m2 over the past six orbits,
exhibiting over 100% orbit to orbit variability in some cases. Even though
the dynamic pressure 4-orbit running mean has remained in the denser half of
the corridor during this period, the deficit in period reduction has not
been compensated at the desired rate. A decision to again raise the upper
corridor limit may occur on Wednesday. The first dynamic pressure alarm is
set at 0.35 N/m2 (which requires Flight Operations Manager notification) and
has been avoided thus far by about 0.10 N/m2 margin in peak drag force. The
drag force allowed can be increased so long as the S/C remains healthy and
the peak drag forces encountered stay below the 0.35 N/m2 limit.
The current sequence is P593 and it has performed the S/C activities for
orbits 593 and 594. The next sequence, P595, has been loaded and it will
take control early this afternoon. All sequences built this period have
contained 3 primary and 2 backup orbits. In all cases this period, only 2 of
the primary orbit commands have been allowed to execute before a new
sequence was prepared and loaded. For P595, all 3 primary orbit commands
will execute before being replaced by P598 on Sunday. Operations will
continue to use either 2 or 3 of the 3 loaded primary orbits in order to
keep drag sequence builds during the prime shift.
There continues to be no indication of -Y solar array structural
degradation. Attitude control performance has been excellent with no
problems in star processing. Peak heating rates have ranged from 0.065 to
0.102 W/cm2 with panel temperatures rising from 24 to 42° C during the drag
pass. The minimum MOLA laser temperature has reached about 11°C. The
telecommunications subsystem continues solid performance. Battery discharge
depths have ranged from 12.5% to 13% each orbit with 14 minutes of battery
charger margin.
There were 5 Command Change Requests (CCRs) reviewed and approved during
this period. Four were attitude control related and called for increasing
the Drag'Duration parameter for contingency mode, return the SAP position
error threshold to 12 counts from 36, set the SAP azimuth soft stops closer
to the surveyed hard stop location, and add rate mode commands to the
contingency mode script to aid in recovery efforts in case the gimbals are
in powered hold on contingency mode entry. The latter requires STL testing
and will be loaded later. The 5th CCR approved raises the PSE telemetry
verification time-out threshold from 5 to 15 counts.
UPCOMING EVENTS:
Periapsis for Orbit 595 DOY276/20:24:33 UTC
Periapsis for Orbit 596 DOY277/07:05:38 UTC
Periapsis for Orbit 597 DOY277/17:43:32 UTC
Periapsis for Orbit 598 DOY278/04:17:51 UTC
Periapsis for Orbit 599 DOY278/14:48:42 UTC
Periapsis for Orbit 600 DOY279/01:16:17 UTC
(Note: MDT = UTC-6 hours DOY276=10/3)
SPACECRAFT COMMANDING:
There were 18 command files radiated to the S/C during this period. The
total files radiated since launch is now 2811. These commands were sent in
support of the following activities:
TES NIPCs
Nominal drag pass sequences (P589, P591, P593, P595)
Nominal aerobraking maneuver sequences (None)
Lower the SAP position error threshold
Contingency mode drag duration update
PSE verification fault persistence threshold update
Update the SAP soft stop
KaBLE clock source to VCO 2
Hа сегодня все, пока!
=SANA=
Дата: 09 октября 1998 (1998-10-09)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Hubble Goes To The Limit In Search Of Farthest Galaxies
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October 8, 1998
CONTACT: Don Savage
NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC
(Phone: 202-358-1547)
Bill Steigerwald
Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD
(Phone: 301-286-5017)
Ray Villard
Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD
(Phone: 410-338-4514)
PRESS RELEASE NO.: STScI-PR98-32
HUBBLE GOES TO THE LIMIT IN SEARCH OF FARTHEST GALAXIES
Stretching the vision of NASA's Hubble Space Telescope farther across
space and further back into time than ever before, astronomers have
peered into a previously unseen realm of the universe.
A "long exposure" infrared image taken with Hubble_s Near Infrared
Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS) has uncovered the faintest
galaxies ever seen.
Astronomers believe some of these galaxies could be over 12 billion
light-years away (depending on cosmological models) _ making them the
farthest objects ever seen. A powerful new generation of telescopes will
be needed to confirm the suspected distances.
"NICMOS has parted the dark curtain that previously blocked our view
of very distant objects and revealed a whole new cast of characters. We
now have to study them to find out who, what and where they are.
We are still finding new frontiers," says Rodger I. Thompson of the
University of Arizona in Tucson.
"This is just our first tentative glimpse into the very remote
universe," says Alan Dressler of the Carnegie Observatories in Pasadena,
CA. "What we see may be the first stages of galaxy formation. But the
objects are so faint that their true nature can only be explored with
the advanced telescopes of the future."
"This observation is a major step toward fulfilling one of Hubble's key
objectives: to search for the faintest and farthest objects in the
universe," adds Ed Weiler, NASA's acting Associate Administrator for
Space Science.
In a separate discovery, Thompson also found that faint red galaxies
matched up with compact blue knots of light seen in the earlier
visible light image. "This means that some objects that appeared to be
separate galaxies in the optical image are really hot star-forming
regions in much larger older galaxies," he says.
Prior to the NICMOS observation, a ten-day long exposure called the
Hubble Deep Field was Space Telescope's benchmark for the "deepest"
view into the universe (with the exception of the cosmic microwave
background that is farther away than any structures seen in the
universe).
Astronomers had to wait for the infrared camera to be installed on
Hubble to look for unseen galaxies beyond the limits of the visible
deep field photograph. Infrared sensitivity was needed because the
expansion of the universe is expected to stretch the light of distant
galaxies down to infrared wavelengths.
Thompson selected a portion of the original Hubble deep field and took
long exposures with the Hubble's near infrared camera. When the infrared
and visible-light pictures were compared, Thompson found many new
objects that were not seen in visible light.
In results to be published in the Astronomical Journal, Thompson
precisely measured the infrared "colors" of the objects. He found some
objects that had the expected color of a galaxy too distant to be
detected in the optical HDF.
Scheduled for launch in the year 2007, the Next Generation Space
Telescope (NGST) will be used to take infrared spectra of candidate
galaxies to confirm their distances, and its higher resolution will
help reveal the shapes of these early objects.
-- end --
The Space Telescope Science Institute is operated by the Association of
Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. (AURA) for NASA, under
contract with the Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD. The
Hubble Space Telescope is a project of international cooperation between
NASA and the European Space Agency (ESA).
EDITOR'S NOTE: Images and photo captions associated with this release
are available on the Internet at:
http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/1998/32 or via links in
http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/latest.html or
http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/pictures.html.
GIF and JPEG images are available via anonymous ftp to oposite.stsci.edu
in /pubinfo/gif/9832.gif and /pubinfo/jpeg/9832.jpg.
Higher resolution digital versions (300 dpi JPEG) of the release photos
are available at http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/1998/32.
TIFF files are available at
http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/tiff/1998/9832.tif.
*******************************************
PHOTO CAPTIONS
EMBARGOED UNTIL: 11:00 A.M. (EDT) October 8, 1998
PHOTO NO.: STScI-PRC98-32a
HUBBLE'S DEEPEST VIEW OF THE UNIVERSE
[Left]
A NASA Hubble Space Telescope view of the faintest galaxies ever seen in
the universe, taken in infrared light with the Near Infrared Camera and
Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS).
The picture contains over 300 galaxies having spiral, elliptical and
irregular shapes. Though most of these galaxies were first seen in 1995
when Hubble was used to take a visible-light deep exposure of the same
field, NICMOS uncovers many new objects. Most of these objects are too
small and faint to be apparent in the full field NICMOS view.
Some of the reddest and faintest of the newly detected objects may be
over 12 billion light-years away, as derived from a standard model of
the universe. However, a powerful new generation of telescopes will be
needed to confirm the suspected distances of these objects.
The field of view is 2 million light-years across, at its maximum. Yet,
on a cosmic scale, it represents only a thin pencil beam look across the
universe. The area of sky is merely 1/100th the apparent diameter on
the full moon.
[Right]
Two close-up NICMOS views of candidate objects which may be over 12
billion light-years away. Each candidate is centered in the frame. The
reddish color may mean all of the starlight has been stretched to
infrared wavelengths by the universe's expansion. Alternative
explanations are that the objects are closer to us, but the light has
been reddened by dust scattering. A new generation of telescopes will be
needed to make follow-up observations capable of establishing true
distance.
The image was taken in January 1998 and required an exposure time of 36
hours to detect objects down to 30th magnitude. Hubble was aimed in the
direction of the constellation Ursa Major, in a region just above the
handle of the Big Dipper. The color corresponds to blue (0.45 microns),
green (1.1 microns) and red (1.6 microns).
Credit: Rodger I. Thompson (University of Arizona), and NASA
**********************************************************************
EMBARGOED UNTIL: 11:00 A.M. (EDT) October 8, 1998
PHOTO NO.: STScI-PRC98-32b
COMPARATIVE VIEW OF GALAXY'S STELLAR POPULATIONS
A galaxy can look quite different in visible vs infrared light. This
is a comparison view of a spiral galaxy in the Hubble Deep Field --
Hubble Space Telescope's view of the faintest galaxies ever seen in the
universe.
The galaxy is disk-shaped like our Milky Way and tilted obliquely along
our line of sight. It is located in the constellation Ursa Major. The
smaller clumps in the picture are likely other galaxies.
[Left]
In the visible-light picture, taken with the Wide Field and Planetary
Camera 2 (WFPC2) in 1995, the galaxy looks uncharacteristically lumpy.
That's because only the bright blue knots of starbirth are detected by
the WFPC2.
[Right]
The underlying disk structure, containing older stars, is seen clearly
in this infrared Deep Field image taken with Hubble's Near Infrared
Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS) in January 1998.
These types of comparative observations will help astronomers better
understand the evolution of galaxies.
Credit: Rodger I. Thompson (University of Arizona), and NASA
Hа сегодня все, пока!
=SANA=
Дата: 09 октября 1998 (1998-10-09)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Conference Reviews Progress Of NASA Aeronautics Program
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Michael Braukus
Headquarters, Washington, DC October 8, 1998
(Phone: 202/358-1979)
Lori Rachul
Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, OH
(Phone: 216/433-8806)
RELEASE: 98-180
CONFERENCE REVIEWS PROGRESS OF NASA AERONAUTICS PROGRAM
One year ago, NASA set ten bold aeronautics and space
transportation goals that will have a dramatic impact on the
United States into the 21st Century. On Friday, Oct. 9, 1998,
NASA's Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, OH, will host the
inaugural "Turning Goals Into Reality" conference to present the
progress being made toward those goals.
NASA representatives, university and industry partners, who
developed the ten outcome-based goals, along with airlines,
aircraft maintenance companies, air cargo firms and other
government organizations, will come together to review and assess
NASA's technology programs, partnerships and overall progress.
Panel discussions geared to each of the three "Pillars" --
Global Civil Aviation, Revolutionary Technology Leaps and Access
to Space -- will be led by NASA Center Directors: Jerry Creedon,
Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA; Henry McDonald, Ames
Research Center, Moffett Field, CA; and Deputy Director Carolyn
Griner, Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL. Panelists
will include representatives from the Federal Aviation
Administration (FAA), General Electric, The Boeing Co., Williams
International, Pratt & Whitney, Lockheed Martin Corp., Orbital
Sciences Corp. and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.
Some of the innovations and technological breakthroughs
achieved over the past year also will be displayed in the Lewis
hangar. Researchers from NASA and industry will be on hand to
discuss their accomplishments and the benefits people can expect
to see as these technologies enter into the marketplace.
As part of this inaugural annual conference, NASA will
present awards to industry and university and government teams
that have made significant contributions or accomplishments in
aviation research.
This year's NASA Administrator's Award will be presented to
the Center-TRACON Automation System Team of NASA's Ames Research
Center, Langley Research Center and the FAA for its
accomplishments in improving aviation system capacity.
The other award recipients include:
For accomplishments in aviation safety - The NASA Airframe
Structural Integrity Program Team, including NASA's Langley
Research Center; Lockheed Martin Missiles and Space Company;
Cornell University and the University of Texas.
For accomplishments in environmental compatibility/emissions -
The High-Speed Research Combustor Configuration Team of NASA's
Lewis Research Center, GE Aircraft Engines and Pratt & Whitney.
For accomplishments in environmental compatibility/noise - The
Advanced Subsonic Transport Engine Systems Noise Reduction Team of
NASA's Langley Research Center, and Lewis Research Center; FAA;
Allison Engine Company; AlliedSignal Engines; AYT Corporation;
Boeing Commercial Airplane Group; Fluidyne; BF Goodrich Aerospace;
GE Aircraft Engines; Lockheed Martin; Northrop Grumman; NYMA;
Pratt & Whitney; Virginia Consortium of Engineering and Science
Universities.
For accomplishments in affordable air travel - The Composite
Wing Team of NASA's Langley Research Center and Boeing Commercial
Airplane Group.
For accomplishments in high-speed travel - The PETI-5
Development team of NASA's Langley Research Center.
For accomplishments in general aviation - The Advanced General
Aviation Transport Experiments Consortium (AGATE) of NASA's
Langley and Lewis Research Centers, AGATE Alliance and the FAA.
For accomplishments in next-generation design tools and
experimental aircraft - The APNASA Development Team of NASA's
Lewis Research Center; U. S. Army Vehicle Technology Center; U.S.
Air Force Research Laboratory Propulsion Directorate; Allison
Engine Co.; AlliedSignal Engines; GE Aircraft Engines; ASE
Technologies; OAI and NYMA.
For accomplishments in affordable access to space - The X-
33/Reusable Launch Vehicle Propellant Densification Team of NASA's
Lewis Research Center, Kennedy Space Center, and Marshall Space
Flight Center; Sierra Lobo Inc.; Gilchrest; The Boeing Co.;
Analex; ADF; and Lockheed Martin Michoud Space Systems.
In order to provide an opportunity for the AgencyOs
stakeholders, the general public, educators and students to
participate, the conference will be cybercast live through NASA's
Learning Technologies Channel. To participate visit:
http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/Itc/lewis/tgir/index.html
Additional activities, NASA Facts, educational resources and
the Aeronautics and Space Transportation Technology Annual
Progress Report 1997-98, can be found on the conference Web site
at:
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/aero/conf98/
- end -
Hа сегодня все, пока!
=SANA=
Дата: 09 октября 1998 (1998-10-09)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Tune-Up For The Leonids
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Tune-up for the Leonids
Marshall Space Flight Center Space Science News
http://science.nasa.gov/newhome/headlines/ast07oct98_1.htm
This week, comet Giacobini-Zinner could shatter the calm before the storm
October 7, 1998: Perhaps the most anticipated event in astronomy this year
is the upcoming Leonid meteor storm. Sometime during the early morning hours
of November 17th, observers could be treated to a spectacular display of
shooting stars as Earth passes through the debris trail of periodic Comet
55P/Tempel-Tuttle. Experts are cautiously predicting a repeat of the great
meteor storm that broke over the Earth in November 1966 when more than
10,000 meteors per hour were observed in some locations.
Despite all the
talk about Leonids, a lesser known shower called the Giacobinids could steal
the show this week. Every year Earth passes close to the orbit of comet
21P/Giacobini-Zinner. Usually not much happens because the comet isn't
nearby. This year could be different. On October 9th Earth will pass by the
comet's orbit just 49 days before the comet itself arrives. In 1933 Earth
sailed by Giacobini's orbital path 80 days after comet passage, and there
was a historic meteor storm. In some places over 20,000 meteors per hour
were observed. We will be closer to the comet in 1998, but no one is certain
what will happen because Earth will reach the vicinity of the orbit before
the comet arrives. If there's plenty of debris flying ahead of the comet,
then the resulting meteor shower could rival the predicted Leonid storm. If
not, it will be another lackluster year for the Draconids with just a few,
faint shooting stars per hour.
Amateurs can make a difference in 98
One reason for the uncertainty about the 1998 Giacobinids is that scientists
still have a lot to learn about meteor streams. When comets visit the inner
solar system, they are warmed by the sun, and ablated by the solar wind,
which produces the familiar tails that we see. This debris is left in space,
and is comprised of particles of ice, dust, and rock. When Earth encounters
these particles on its journey around the Sun, they strike the atmosphere
with tremendous speed and become shooting stars. Astronomers know that
comets leave debris behind them, but does comet debris also precede the
comet? This week we have a good chance to find out, because Earth will be
passing by Giacobini's orbit in advance of the comet. For this year's
Giacobinid meteor storm Science@NASA will be collecting meteor counts from
amateurs and lay observers to probe the structure of the meteor stream ahead
of comet Giacobini-Zinner. If you would like to participate simply follow
the simple instructions (http://www.spaceweather.com/meteordata.html)
about how to observe and keep records. Then, after
the shower, return here to submit your data
(http://www.spaceweather.com/meteordata.html). Even if you don't observe any
meteors, your null result is valuable. It tells us how little debris is
flying ahead of the comet. Cumulative results will be posted on
SpaceWeather.com before the Leonid meteor shower in November.
How to View the Giacobinids
Normally the best time to view meteors is after midnight when Earth's
rotation aligns our line of sight with the direction of Earth's motion
around the Sun. Then we're heading directly into the stream of meteors. The
Giacobinids are an exception. The best time to see them is during the early
evening when the constellation Draco is still high in the sky, well above
the horizon. The bright gibbous moon rises around 9 p.m. local time. After
moonrise the sky will be bright and it will be difficult to see the fainter
meteors.
To find the Giacobinids, go outside and face North. The radiant, indicated
by a red dot on the sky map, is near two of the most familiar asterisms: the
Big Dipper and the Little Dipper. You don't need binoculars or a telescope,
the naked eye is usually best for seeing meteors which often streak more
than 45o across the sky. The field of view of most binoculars and telescopes
is simply too narrow for good meteor observations.
Experienced meteor observers suggest the following viewing strategy: Dress
warmly as the autumn nights are likely to be cold. Spread a thick blanket
over a flat spot of ground. Lie down, look up and somewhat to the north.
Meteors can appear in any part of the sky, although their trails will tend
to point back toward the radiant. A reclining chair is also handy.
Tuning In to the Giacobinids
In 1946 the Earth passed through the orbit of comet Giacobini-Zinner just 15
days after the comet. The result was a remarkable meteor shower with hourly
rates exceeding 3000 in many locations. It also marked an important event in
serious meteor astronomy: the first radar detection of meteors. Just after
World War II many countries had sophisticated radar installations, and over
20 were trained on the Giacobinid radiant during the predicted storm. Radar
receivers in London, the Soviet Union and the United States all detected
echoes. Radar measurements of meteor showers are important because radar is
able to detect meteors even when they are very small, or when bright
moonlight or sunlight makes visual observing impossible. In 1956 radar was
responsible for the detection of a surprisingly strong Giacobinid storm. The
Earth passed by the comet's orbit nearly 200 days before the comet, so
astronomers weren't expecting much of a shower. However, radio astronomers
at Jodrell Bank detected radar echoes from an intense meteor burst during
the day on October 9th that lasted nearly 2 hours.
Modern amateur astronomers are tuning in to meteors through radio echoes.
Radio echoes are not the same as radar echoes, but they are related. When a
meteor burns up in the atmosphere it leaves behind a trail of ionized gas.
The ionization rapidly dissipates, but transmissions from distant radio
stations are briefly reflected from the ionized trail back down to Earth.
During an intense meteor shower, a simple shortwave receiver can detect many
echoes per minute from stations thousands of kilometers away. Interested
amateurs can visit the International Meteor Organization for more
information (http://www.imo.net/radio/index.htm).
Hа сегодня все, пока!
=SANA=
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