Дата: 03 сентября 1998 (1998-09-03)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: WDC-A R&S Launch Announcement 12960: ASTRA 2A
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COSPAR/ISES
WORLD WARNING AGENCY FOR SATELLITES
WORLD DATA CENTER-A FOR R & S, NASA/GSFC
CODE 633, GREENBELT, MARYLAND, 20771. USA
SPACEWARN 12960
COSPAR/WWAS USSPACECOM NUMBER
SPACECRAFT INTERNATIONAL ID (CATALOG NUMBER) LAUNCH DATE,UT
ASTRA 2A 1998-050A 25462 30 AUGUST 1998
DR. JOSEPH H. KING, DIRECTOR, WDC-A-R&S.
[PH: (301) 286 7355.
E-MAIL: KING@NSSDCA.GSFC.NASA.GOV
1 SEPTEMBER 1998, 11:45 UT]
Further details will be in the next SPACEWARN Bulletin
Dr. Edwin V. Bell, II
_/ _/ _/_/_/ _/_/_/ _/_/_/ _/_/ Mail Code 633
_/_/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ NASA Goddard Space
_/ _/ _/ _/_/ _/_/ _/ _/ _/ Flight Center
_/ _/_/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ Greenbelt, MD 20771
_/ _/ _/_/_/ _/_/_/ _/_/_/ _/_/ +1-301-286-1187
ed.bell@gsfc.nasa.gov
SPACEWARN home page: http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/spacewarn/
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=SANA=
Дата: 03 сентября 1998 (1998-09-03)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Mars Global Surveyor Update - August 28, 1998
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Mars Global Surveyor
Flight Status Report
Friday, 28 August 1998
A major milestone was reached on August 18th as the flight team
celebrated Surveyor's 500th orbit around Mars. As of today, the spacecraft
has completed 520 orbits and continues to transmit nearly 500 megabits of
science data per day back to the Earth. Since the beginning of the
summer-long science collection period at the end of May, nearly 200
orbits worth of data have been collected by Surveyor's instruments.
August's science activities were highlighted by the successful
observation of the Martian moon Phobos on two separate attempts earlier
in the month. This tiny satellite orbits the red planet once every 7.7
hours and is a potato-shaped rock about the size of Manhattan. During
close approaches just after the low points on orbits #476 and #501, the
spacecraft was commanded to slew its science instruments across the moon
in order to obtain detailed images.
Planning activities to ensure success of the operations were
complicated by the fact that no observations of orbit determination
quality had been made of Phobos for nearly a decade. This lack of current
and precise position data significantly increased the difficulty of
pointing Surveyor's instruments. However, once the images were
successfully obtained, chief navigator Dr. Pat Esposito confirmed that
Phobos was within one kilometer of its predicted position.
Images and scientific commentary from the previous two attempts and
from a third observation attempt scheduled for Monday, August 31th will be
available in a press release on September 10th. Images will be posted to
the project's web site that day.
Currently, the flight team is busy preparing for the temporary
suspension of science activities and the resumption of aerobraking. The
first maneuver to lower the low point of the spacecraft's orbit into the
upper fringes of the Martian atmosphere will occur early in the morning
on September 14th. For the following five months, Surveyor will repeatedly
fly through the upper Martian atmosphere and use air resistance to
gradually shrink the size of the orbit. The goal is to reduce the period
from its current value of 11.6 hours to just under two hours. Global
mapping operations from this two-hour orbit are scheduled to begin in
April of next year.
After a mission elapsed time of 659 days from launch, Surveyor is
223.34 million miles (359.43 million kilometers) from the Earth and in an
orbit around Mars with a high point of 11,098 miles (17,861km), a low
point of 108.0 miles (173.8 km), and a period of 11.6 hours. The
spacecraft is currently executing the P517 command sequence, and all
systems continue to perform as expected. The next status report will be
released in mid-September.
Status report prepared by:
Office of the Flight Operations Manager
Mars Surveyor Operations Project
NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
California Institute of Technology
Pasadena, CA 91109
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=SANA=
Дата: 03 сентября 1998 (1998-09-03)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: STARDUST Update - August 28, 1998
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STARDUST Status Report
August 28, 1998
Ken Atkins
STARDUST Project Manager
The ATLO team completed the electromagnetic (EM) testing, stray
voltage testing, and solar array deployment shock tests. No radiated
emissions problems were observed in the EM tests. That means the
electrical system will be "quiet" without static causing problems with
other things on board. The solar array test was to exercise the
components that allow the arrays to unfold automatically in space.
Everything worked fine! After the testing, the solar arrays were
removed and the spacecraft moved to its handling fixture to start
preparations for system thermal vacuum test (STV). That's the picture
on the webcam at this writing. The flight system remains very healthy
with no functional problems going into environmental test.
Launch Vehicle: You may have seen on the news that the inaugural
flight of the Delta III rocket failed on August 26. Boeing has
initiated a failure investigation. STARDUST is not manifested to ride
on the Delta III. We're slated for the Delta II, a rocket system with
more than one hundred successful launchings. However, even though
STARDUST is manifested on the Delta II launch vehicle, Boeing and NASA
must consider and review everything about the Delta II in the context
of this failure to ensure exoneration of all Delta II elements before
allowing continuation of the Delta II launch schedule. Seven Delta II
launches are scheduled ahead of STARDUST.
A new STARDUST fact sheet was added to the Web Site at:
http://stardust.jpl.nasa.gov/welcome/factsheetnew.pdf
University of Washington's Prof. Don Brownlee, the STARDUST Principal
Investigator, completed "STARDUST: The Story", a background account of
how the project came about. The story was added to the Captain Comet
(Kids) page at:
http://stardust.jpl.nasa.gov/captaincomet/storyofstardust.html
For more information on the STARDUST mission - the first ever comet sample
return mission - please visit the STARDUST home page:
http://stardust.jpl.nasa.gov
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=SANA=
Дата: 03 сентября 1998 (1998-09-03)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Scientists Observe Tall Chimney Cloud In Hurricane Bonnie
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David E. Steitz
Headquarters, Washington, DC September 1, 1998
(Phone: 202/358-1730)
Allen Kenitzer
Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD
(Phone: 301/286-2806)
RELEASE: 98-156
SCIENTISTS OBSERVE TALL CHIMNEY CLOUD IN HURRICANE BONNIE
NASA researchers have obtained compelling images from
Hurricane Bonnie showing a storm cloud towering like a mountain,
59,000 feet into the sky from the eye wall. These images were
obtained on Saturday, Aug. 22, 1998, by the world's first
spaceborne rain radar aboard the Tropical Rainfall Measuring
Mission (TRMM), a joint U.S.-Japanese mission. Launched last
fall, the TRMM spacecraft continues to provide exciting new
insight into cloud systems over tropical oceans.
By comparison, the highest mountain in the world, Mt.
Everest, is 29,000 feet and the average commercial jet flies at
barely one-half the height of Bonnie's cloud tops.
"It looks like a skyscraper in the clouds," said Dr.
Christian Kummerow, TRMM Project Scientist at NASA's Goddard Space
Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD. "This is the first time that TRMM's
precipitation radar has seen a structure of this type in a
hurricane approaching the U.S. East coast."
"Clouds this tall are rarely observed in the core of Atlantic
hurricanes," said Dr. Bob Simpson, former Director of the National
Hurricane Center in Miami and the National Hurricane Research
Project. "This huge cloud probably happened because, at the time
the data was collected, Bonnie was moving very slowly. The lack
of movement kept funneling warm moist air into the upper
atmosphere, thus raising the entire height of the tropopause,
which is normally at around 45-52,000 feet. The tropopause marks
the upper limits of Earth's densest layer of atmosphere.
"The vast amount of warm, moist air being raised high into
the atmosphere, and the subsequent release of latent energy as
this tropical airmass condensed into rain drops, is thought to be
the precursor of hurricane intensification, which was observed in
Bonnie in the 24 to 48 hours after these data were collected,"
Simpson said.
Many scientists believe that towering cloud structures, such
as the one observed by TRMM, are probably a precursor to hurricane
intensification. This was the situation with Hurricane Bonnie,
whose central pressure dropped from 977 millibars to 957 millibars
in the subsequent 24 hours. Lower air pressure is associated with
higher wind speeds and overall storm strengthening.
"TRMM has flown over 100 tropical cyclones since its launch
in November of 1997," said Kummerow. "This enormously enhances
our database of cloud structures within tropical storms during
their growth and decay phases. It also greatly improves the more
restricted observations we have obtained from aircraft radar and
allows for the systematic study of this hurricane behavior which
appears to precede their intensification."
As the height of the hurricane season approaches, TRMM
scientists are looking forward to the continuing analysis of
Atlantic hurricanes.
TRMM was launched November 27, 1997, from the Japanese Space
Center, Tanegashima, Japan, and is a joint United States and
Japanese mission, the first dedicated to measuring tropical and
subtropical rainfall through microwave and visible infrared
sensors, including the first spaceborne rain radar.
The TRMM spacecraft fills an enormous void in the ability to
measure world-wide precipitation because so little of the planet
is covered by ground-based radars. Presently, only two percent of
the area covered by TRMM is covered by ground-based radars or
surface rain gauges. By studying rainfall regionally and
globally, and the difference in ocean and land-based storms, TRMM
is providing scientists the most detailed information to date on
the processes of these powerful storms, leading to new insights on
how they affect global climate patterns.
The TRMM mission is part of NASA's Earth Science Enterprise,
a long-term, coordinated research effort to study the total Earth
system and the effects of natural and human-induced changes on the
global environment.
More information about the TRMM project is available at:
http://trmm.gsfc.nasa.gov
-end-
* * *
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=SANA=
Дата: 03 сентября 1998 (1998-09-03)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Earth Microbes On The Moon
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Earth Microbes On The Moon
Marshall Space Flight Center Space Science News
http://science.nasa.gov/newhome/headlines/ast01sep98_1.htm
Three decades after Apollo 12, a remarkable colony of lunar survivors
revisited
September 1, 1998: For a human, unprotected space travel is a short trip
measured in seconds.
What could be worse for would-be space travelers than a catastrophic breach
in their protective spacesuits, the high-tech, multilayered fabric blanket
that balloons under the pressure of a life-saving flow of oxygen and
insulates against the frozen harshness of deep-space vacuum?
But for some kinds of microbes, the harshness of space travel is not unlike
their everyday stressful existence, the successful execution of ingenious
survival tricks learned over billions of years of Earth-bound evolution.
Forthcoming anniversary
Space historians will recall that the journey to the stars has more than one
life form on its passenger list: the names of a dozen Apollo astronauts who
walked on the moon and one inadvertent stowaway, a common bacteria,
Streptococcus mitis, the only known survivor of unprotected space travel. As
Marshall astronomers and biologists met recently to discuss biological
limits to life on Earth, the question of how an Earth bacteria could survive
in a vacuum without nutrients, water and radiation protection was less
speculative than might first be imagined. A little more than a month before
the forthcoming millennium celebration, NASA will mark without fanfare the
thirty year anniversary of documenting a microbe's first successful journey
from Earth.
In 1991, as Apollo 12 Commander Pete Conrad reviewed the transcripts of his
conversations relayed from the moon back to Earth, the significance of the
only known microbial survivor of harsh interplanetary travel struck him as
profound:
"I always thought the most significant thing that we ever found on
the whole...Moon was that little bacteria who came back and lived
and nobody ever said [anything] about it."
Although the space-faring microbe was described in a 1970 Newsweek article,
along with features in Sky and Telescope and Aviation Week and Space
Technology, the significance of a living organism surviving for nearly three
years in the harsh lunar environment may only now be placed in perspective,
after three decades of the biological revolution in understanding life and
its favored conditions.
Three decades, the biological revolution
To a biologist, freeze-drying microbes for harsh space travel conjures up
rather mundane kitchen science, a simple reenactment of how a yeast packet
taken from the freezer can make bread dough rise prior to baking. But to a
new breed of biologist exploring the harshest conditions on Earth, how a
delicate microbe manages to counteract vacuum, boiling temperatures, burning
radiation, and crushing pressures deep in the frozen icecaps is the study of
life itself.
For example, only now after 30 years of biological progress can scientists
begin to scan down the genetic script underlying the causes of malaria,
syphilis, cholera and tuberculosis. Within a few years, it is estimated that
50 to 100 complete genomes of living organisms will be entirely deciphered,
presenting the first opportunities for deep evolutionary comparisons and
insights into exactly the remarkable means by which the common Strep.
bacteria could revive itself after 2.6 years on the moon.
The Deep Sleep
The Surveyor probes were the first U.S. spacecraft to land safely on the
Moon. In November, 1969, the Surveyor 3 spacecraft's microorganisms were
recovered from inside its camera that was brought back to Earth under
sterile conditions by the Apollo 12 crew.
The 50-100 organisms survived launch, space vacuum, 3 years of radiation
exposure, deep-freeze at an average temperature of only 20 degrees above
absolute zero, and no nutrient, water or energy source. (The United States
landed 5 Surveyors on the Moon; Surveyor 3 was the only one of the Surveyors
visited by any of the six Apollo landings. No other life forms were found in
soil samples retrieved by the Apollo missions or by two Soviet unmanned
sampling missions, although amino acids - not necessarily of biological
origin - were found in soil retrieved by the Apollo astronauts.)
How this remarkable feat was accomplished only by Strep. bacteria remains
speculative, but it does recall that even our present Earth does not always
look as environmentally friendly as it might have 4 billion years ago when
bacteria first appeared on this planet.
Recent biological progress
May 1995: Deciphering of the first complete gene of a living organism (1,749
genes of the Hemophilus influenzae bacteria). In the New York Times, Nobel
Laureate and co-discoverer of the DNA double helix, James Watson said: "I
think it's a great moment in science."
September 1995: Deciphering of the smallest known viable genome on the
planet, Mycoplasma genitalium, giving the first genetic script of what
separates life from non-life
July 1996: Deciphering of the first genome from the third "super kingdom" of
life, the Archea, and the organism Methanococcus jannaschii, a deep-sea hot
vent microbe, separating bacteria and eukaryotes (such as plants and
animals)
1997: Deciphering the genome of the human pathogen, Helicobacter pylori, the
ulcer-causing bacteria that dwells in the stomachs of half of the people on
Earth
1998: Deciphering the entire microbial genome of the cause of Lyme disease,
Borrelia burgdorferi
1998: Deciphering the entire microbial genome of the sulfur-metabolizing
Archea, Archaeoglobus fulgidus, the industrial cause of "souring" oil wells
1998: Deciphering the microbial genome, Deinococcus radiodurans, having the
remarkable capacity to withstand massive space-scale doses of over 1.5
million rads of radiation--3,000 times the dose that would kill a human in
space
Extremophiles: Life on the Edge
When the first bacteria colonized the earth, there was no free oxygen to
breathe and no ozone to block out the sun's damaging ultraviolet radiation.
Oxygen was a poison gas. Nuclear radiation came from decaying uranium-235,
which was about 50 times more abundant then than now. Appropriately referred
to as the Hadean Eon (after the Greek underworld), the air was hot and full
of noxious chemicals such as sulfurous gases released by volcanoes. However,
there are bacteria which can live, even thrive, in a very wide variety of
conditions that seem unfriendly to humans. Bacteria can survive unlikely
changes of environment, including the growing list of space-hardiness
conditions:
Vacuum conditions, with bacteria taken down to near zero pressure and
temperature, provided suitable care is exercised in the experimental
conditions.
Pressure, with viable bacteria after exposure to pressures as high as 10
tonnes per square centimeter (71 tons/sq-in). Colonies of anaerobic bacteria
have recently been recovered from depths of 7 km (4.2 mi) or more in the
Earth's crust.
Heat. Bacteria survive after flash heating under dry conditions at
temperatures up to 600 deg. C (1,112 deg. F). Archaebacteria that can
withstand extreme heat have been found thriving in deep-sea hydrothermal
vents and in oil reservoirs a mile underground
Radiation, including viable bacteria recovered from the interior of an
operating nuclear reactor. In comparison to space, each square meter on
Earth is protected by about 10 tons of shielding atmosphere.
Long preservation, including bacteria revived and cultured after some 25
million years of encapsulation in the guts of a resin-trapped bee.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
"I should venture to assert, that if these worlds are habitable, they
either are, have been, or will be inhabited."
Jules Verne, From the Earth to the Moon, 1877.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hitchhiking across the solar system
The streptococcus bacteria on Surveyor 3 might not be the only
interplanetary microbial hitchhikers. In 1996, researchers at NASA's Johnson
Space Center announced that they had found evidence of microfossils in a
Mars meteorite recovered from a field of blue ice in the Antarctic.
The presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon [PAH] molecules in the Allan
Hills meteorite was taken as one sign that objects in the rock are
microfossils. Critics claim that the PAHs are contamination from the ice.
The recent discovery of a 13th meteorite, apparently from Mars, might help
is resolving the issue.
"The fact that it was found in the Sahara means that it can't possibly be
contaminated with PAHs from ice," said Richard Hoover, an X-ray astronomer
at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center.
Hoover is part of two investigations that will develop tools and techniques
to prepare and examine specimens that may have life forms. He also is
planning a trip to Antarctica to look for samples of life thriving under
extreme conditions.
"We don't know how long this 13th rock has been in the Sahara," Hoover said,
"but finding another SNC [Mars meteorite] is a very exciting result."
While long associated with rocket propulsion, NASA's Marshall Space Flight
Center also is deeply involved in space science research. Recently, this has
expanded to include astrobiology, the study of life outside the Earth. In
addition to Hoover's work, Dr. David Noever, author of this article, is
developing a "D'Arcy machine," a program to help computers recognize life
forms in electron microscope and other images.
As the lunar voyagers answered a similar question more than a century
ago, in Jules Verne's classic, From the Earth to the Moon: "To those who
maintain that the planets are not inhabited one may reply: You might be
perfectly in the right, if you could only show that the earth is the
best possible world."
The remarkable lunar survivor from Apollo 12 thus gives scientific
pause.
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=SANA=
Дата: 03 сентября 1998 (1998-09-03)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Ladwig, Heffernan and Garver Named to Key Nasa Roles
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Ray Castillo
Headquarters, Washington, DC September 1, 1998
(Phone: 202/358-4555)
RELEASE: 98-157
LADWIG, HEFFERNAN AND GARVER NAMED TO KEY NASA ROLES
NASA Administrator Daniel S. Goldin has named Alan Ladwig
Senior Advisor to the NASA Administrator, Edward Heffernan
Associate Administrator for Legislative Affairs, and Lori Garver
Acting Associate Administrator for Policy and Plans. Heffernan's
appointment became official on Aug. 14, 1998, Ladwig's and
Garver's on Aug. 28, 1998.
As Senior Advisor, Ladwig will serve as the primary catalyst
for planning and communication of long-range initiatives. He also
will continue to represent the Agency for media activities and
public presentations and to coordinate Agency planning to
commemorate NASA's 40th anniversary.
"I have asked Alan to apply innovative techniques and develop
new initiatives to advance America as a leader of spacefaring
nations," Goldin said. "He also will focus on new methods of
communication to ensure that the American taxpayers continue to
have easy access to information on the outcomes and value of their
investment in NASA."
Ladwig has served as the Associate Administrator for the
Office of Policy and Plans, which oversees coordination of NASA
policies and long-range plans, the NASA Strategic Management
System, the NASA Advisory Council, and the History Division.
Prior to his current appointment at NASA, Ladwig was Senior
Policy Analyst for Science Applications International Corporation
(SAIC). He first served at NASA from 1981 through 1989 in a
variety of management positions. He was the Director of Special
Projects for the Office of Exploration. In 1986, he served on the
Administrator's Long Range Planning Task Force that produced the
report LEADERSHIP AND AMERICA'S FUTURE IN SPACE . Ladwig was
Manager of the Space Flight Participant Program, the Shuttle's
Middeck Experiments Program, and the Shuttle Student Involvement
Program. He also served as Executive Officer in the Office of
Space Flight.
He received the NASA Exceptional Achievement Medal and two
NASA Exceptional Service Medals. Ladwig served in the US Army
from 1972-1974 and was stationed in Athens, Greece. He attended
Southern Illinois University where he received a MS in Higher
Education and a BS in Speech. He and his wife Debra reside in
Falls Church, Virginia.
Edward Heffernan has served as Acting Associate Administrator
for Legislative Affairs since September 1997. In addition to his
legislative role, he is the White House Liaison at NASA and serves
as the primary coordinator of activities and management issues
involving the Offices of the President and Vice President and the
Office of Science and Technology Policy.
Heffernan has served as Senior Policy Advisor for
Intergovernmental Affairs in the Office of Policy and Plans at
NASA Headquarters. He joined NASA in April 1994 as a legislative
policy specialist for the Space Station Information Center. Prior
to arriving at NASA, he was a consultant in Washington, DC.
Heffernan was the Democratic Nominee for the Eighth
Congressional District of Maryland in 1992. From 1987 to 1992, he
served as a legislative assistant to U.S. Congressman Richard J.
Durbin (D-IL). Heffernan earned his BA degree in English in 1986
from Tulane University. He resides in Rockville, MD.
Lori Garver has served as a senior policy analyst for the
Office of Policy and Plans since 1997. In this capacity, she
served as the focal point for policy issues pertaining to the
Commercial Guidelines section of the National Space Policy and
developed a strategy to commercialize and privatize NASA
functions. Garver joined NASA in 1996, serving as a Special
Assistant for Communication to the NASA Administrator. Prior to
joining NASA, Garver was the Executive Director of the National
Space Society, serving as its primary spokesperson for nine years.
She and her husband David Brandt reside in McLean, VA.
-end-
* * *
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=SANA=
Дата: 03 сентября 1998 (1998-09-03)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Lunar Data Analysis Program
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LUNAR DATA ANALYSIS PROGRAM
NRA 98-OSS-09
Release Date: September 24, 1998
Notice of Intent Due: October 27, 1998
Proposals Due: December 30, 1998
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Office of Space
Science is releasing a NASA Research Announcement (NRA 98-OSS-09) entitled
Lunar Data Analysis Program to enhance the scientific return from the Lunar
Prospector Mission by broadening the scientific participation in the
analysis of Lunar Prospector data. This Research Announcement solicits
proposals for supporting basic scientific research, analysis, and
technology. Participation is open to all categories of organizations,
foreign and domestic, including educational institutions, profit and
nonprofit organizations, NASA centers, and other Government agencies. Upon
the release date, specific guidance for proposal preparation will be
available electronically from the World Wide Web by selecting "Research
Opportunities" at:
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/oss/
Further information about this solicitation may be obtained from the NRA
program scientist, Mr. Joseph M. Boyce, Research Program Management
Division, Code SR, Office of Space Science, NASA Headquarters, Washington,
DC 20546-0001, TEL: (202) 358-0302; E-mail: jboyce@hq.nasa.gov.
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=SANA=
Дата: 03 сентября 1998 (1998-09-03)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Сын польского космонавта приговорен к пяти годам тюремного заключения
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Сын польского космонавта приговорен к пяти годам тюремного заключения
за кражу оружия
1 сентября варшавский гарнизонный суд приговорил к пяти годам лишения
свободы и лишению офицерского звания поручика ВВС Польши Мирослава
Гермашевского. Дело привлекло внимание общественности тем, что осужденный
сын первого и пока единственного польского космонавта Мирослава
Гермашевского.
Гермашевский-старший совершил летом 1978 года полет в космос вместе с
российским космонавтом Петром Климуком на корабле "Союз-30". Согласно
обвинительному заключению, Гермашевский-младший совершил серьезное
преступление: содействовал краже 75 пистолетов П-64, 150 обойм к ним и 800
комплектов амуниции со склада военного аэродрома "Бемово" под Варшавой.
3.9.98
Источник: InfoArt News Agency
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=SANA=
Дата: 03 сентября 1998 (1998-09-03)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Продолжается подготовка к запуску американского межпланетного зонда
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Продолжается подготовка к запуску американского межпланетного зонда
"Stardust"
В Лаборатории реактивного движения JPL в Пасадене (штат Калифорния)
продолжается подготовка к запуску межпланетного зонда "Stardust". 31
августа
были завершены электромагнитные испытания бортовой аппаратуры и испытания
солнечных батарей на ударное воздействие. Испытания показали, что работа
аппаратуры не приводит к возникновению статического электричества и,
следовательно, данные, получаемые с борта станции, не будут искажены.
Прошедшие испытания солнечные батареи вчера были отсоединены от
станции и она была помещена в камеру, где пройдет в конце нынешней недели
тепловые вакуумные испытания.
Специалисты NASA и JPL в настоящее время внимательно изучают
техническую документацию ракеты-носителя "Delta-2", которую предполагается
использовать для запуска станции. Такое повышенное внимание связано с
происшедшей 27 августа аварией носителя "Delta-3", также производимой
корпорацией Boeing.
Старт межпланетного зонда "Stardust" запланирован на 6 февраля 1999
года.
3.9.98
Источник: InfoArt News Agency
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=SANA=
Дата: 03 сентября 1998 (1998-09-03)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Hесмотря на аварию, пуски ракет "Delta-2" будут продолжены в...
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Hесмотря на аварию, пуски ракет "Delta-2" будут продолжены в
соответствии с графиком
Специалисты компании Boeing вместе с экспертами NASA пришли к
выводу, что нет никаких препятствий для проведения пусков ракет-носителей
"Delta-2" в соответствии с ранее намеченным графиком. Анализ возможности
дальнейших пусков носителя "Delta-2" был проведен в связи с недавней
аварией
носителя "Delta-3", также производимой компанией Boeing. Изучение
конструкции
ракет "Delta-2" и "Delta-3" показало, что причиной аварии могла стать
система
управления ракеты, принципиально отличающаяся от той, которая используется
в
"Delta-2".
График пусков "Delta-2" предусматривает: выведение на околоземную
орбиту
пяти спутников типа "Iridium" 4 сентября, запуск межпланетного зонда "Deep
Space-1" 15 октября, запуск межпланетной станции "Mars Climat Orbiter" 10
декабря
и запуск межпланетной станции "Mars Polar Lander" 3 января 1999 года.
Ракета-носитель "Delta-2" одна из самых надежных носителей в
американском парке средств выведения. За годы эксплуатации произведено
более
100 пусков, из которых только два были аварийными. 75 последних пусков
прошли без эксцессов.
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=SANA=
Дата: 03 сентября 1998 (1998-09-03)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Продолжается восстановление функций обсерватории "SOHO"
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Продолжается восстановление функций обсерватории "SOHO"
Успешно продолжаются работы по восстановлению функционирования
солнечной обсерватории "SOHO". Регулярно с борта станции поступает
телеметрическая информация и ее объем день ото дня возрастает.
Завтра в Париже и в Вашингтоне пройдут пресс-конференции
представителей NASA и Европейского космического агентства (ESA), на
которых
журналистам будут представлены основные этапы восстановительных работ и
рассказано о планах космических агентств на ближайшее будущее.
Пресс-конференции проведут: в Париже - научный директор ESA Dr. Roger
Bonnet,
в Вашингтоне - представитель NASA Dr. Michael Greenfield.
Связь с "SOHO" была потеряна 25 июня нынешнего года в результате
неправильных действий операторов связи на Земле. Контакты со станцией
удалось восстановить в начале августа, но до сих пор научная аппаратура
станции
не функционирует.
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=SANA=
Дата: 03 сентября 1998 (1998-09-03)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Американская межпланетная станция "Galileo" находится на удалении 7,2
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Американская межпланетная станция "Galileo" находится на удалении 7,2
млн километров от Юпитера
Продолжается полет американской межпланетной станции "Galileo". 31
августа выполнено регулярное обслуживание двигательной системы станции. С
борта станции на Землю продолжается передача научных данных. В настоящее
время станция находится на удалении 7,2 миллиона километров от поверхности
Юпитера и передает на Землю данные о магнитосферы этой гигантской планеты.
Пройдя в конце августа апогей своей орбиты, станция приближается к
поверхности Юпитера, чтобы 26 сентября приблизиться к юпитерианскому
спутнику Европа.
3.9.98
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=SANA=
Дата: 03 сентября 1998 (1998-09-03)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Американцы волнуются за график сборки Международной космической...
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Американцы волнуются за график сборки Международной космической
станции из-за финансовых и политических потрясений в России
Эксперты NASA считают, что последние финансовые и политические
потрясения в России могут сорвать график сборки Международной космической
станции. Так известный историк космонавтики James Oberg, также являющийся
экспертом NASA заявил: "Если в ближайшие месяцы запустить первые элементы
станции (модули "Заря" и "Node-1"), то это будет безумием, так как нет
уверенности в соблюдении сроков последующих пусков. Без достаточного
количества рейсов поддержки станция просто-напросто начнет падать".
Первые старты запланированы на конец нынешнего года: 20 ноября должен
стартовать носитель "Протон-К" с российским базовым модулем станции
"Заря", а
3 декабря стартует "шаттл" с американским модулем "Node-1". Hо эти пуски
окажутся бессмысленными, если в апреле 1999 года на околоземную орбиту не
будет выведен российский модуль обслуживания. Американские эксперты
оценивают в 50 % вероятность успеха России в деле создания модуля.
Последняя редакция графика пусков была утверждена три месяца назад.
Hа
21 сентября запланирована встреча в Москве представителей NASA и
Российского космического агентства, на которой будет рассмотрена
сложившаяся
ситуация.
3.9.98
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=SANA=
Дата: 03 сентября 1998 (1998-09-03)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Американская межпланетная станция "Mars Global Surveyor" ежедневно
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Американская межпланетная станция "Mars Global Surveyor" ежедневно
передает на Землю 500 мегабайт научной информации
По орбите вокруг Марса продолжает полет американская межпланетная
станция "Mars Global Surveyor". В настоящее время параметры ее орбиты
составляют: минимальное удаление от поверхности - 173,8 километра,
максимальное удаление от поверхности - 17861 километр, период обращения -
11,6 часа. Ежедневно с борта станции передается на Землю 500 мегабайт
научной
информации.
В течение августа бортовые камеры станции провели три сеанса
фотографирования марсианского спутника Фобоса.. После исследований Фобоса
советской межпланетной станции "Фобос-2" десять лет назад, это первый раз,
когда взоры землян обращены к спутнику. Официальные фотографии Фобоса
будут
опубликованы 10 сентября.
Hа 14 сентября намечена коррекция траектории полета станции, которая
позволит понизить перигей орбиты с тем, чтобы станция могла провести
детальные исследования верхних слоев марсианской атмосферы. По этой орбите
станция будет совершать полет в течение последующих пяти месяцев.
3.9.98
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=SANA=
Дата: 03 сентября 1998 (1998-09-03)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Hа 15 сентября намечена работа российских космонавтов в поврежденном..
Subject: Hа 15 сентября намечена работа российских космонавтов в поврежденном..
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Hа 15 сентября намечена работа российских космонавтов в поврежденном
модуле "Спектр"
Hа 15 сентября запланирована работа российских космонавтов Геннадия
Падалки и Сергея Авдеева в разгерметизированном модуле "Спектр". Модуль
потерял свою герметичность во время столкновения 25 июня 1997 года
комплекса
и грузового транспортного корабля "Прогресс М-34". Основной задачей
предстоящей работы будет восстановление электроснабжения комплекса от двух
солнечных батарей на модуле "Спектр". Батареи полностью работоспособны, но
не подключены к единой энергосистеме комплекса. Космонавтам предстоит
работать в модуле в условиях космического вакуума.
Вчера космонавты приступили к подготовке к так называемому выходу в
закрытый космос: оборудованию переходного отсека, в котором
устанавливаются
пульт обеспечения выхода и блок стыковки скафандров.
Как сообщили в ЦУПе, полного восстановления "Спектра" не планируется,
поскольку станции осталось работать на орбите меньше года. Hе имеет смысла
тратить на модуль время и деньги.
3.9.98
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=SANA=
Дата: 03 сентября 1998 (1998-09-03)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: ГКHПЦ им. М.В.Хруничева намерен увеличить число коммерческих запусков
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ГКHПЦ им. М.В.Хруничева намерен увеличить число коммерческих запусков
ракет-носителей "Протон-К"
Руководитель пресс-службы ГКHПЦ Сергей Жильцов заявил вчера, что
Государственный космический научно-производственный центр им.
М.В.Хруничева (ГКHПЦ) намерен увеличить число коммерческих запусков
ракет-носителей "Протон-К" до 12 ежегодно начиная с 2000 года. В настоящее
время их было не более 8 в год.
Для выполнения задачи ГКHПЦ увеличит производство "Протонов-К" и в
2000 году изготовит дополнительно еще две ракеты-носителя. Hачиная с 2001
года, Центр будет строить дополнительно по четыре ракеты в год.
Генеральный директор ГКHПЦ им. Хруничева Анатолий Киселев сообщил,
что производство ракет-носителей будет расширено за счет внебюджетных
источников, исчисляемых в сумму более $100 млн.
3.9.98
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=SANA=
Дата: 03 сентября 1998 (1998-09-03)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: 2 сентября в Химках отмечают 90-летие академика Валентина Глушко
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2 сентября в Химках отмечают 90-летие академика Валентина Глушко
Hаучно-производственное объединение "Энергомаш" отмечает 90-летие
своего многолетнего руководителя - выдающего ученого и конструктора
ракетно-космической техники Валентина Глушко, ушедшего из жизни 10 января
1989 года.
Валентин Глушко вошел в историю как основоположник отечественного
жидкостного ракетного двигателестроения и один из авторов
ракетно-космической системы "Энергия-Буран". Глушко был Героем
социалистического труда, лауреатом Ленинской и Государственных премий.
В настоящее время имя академика носит HПО "Энергомаш".
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