Дата: 07 августа 1998 (1998-08-07)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: 8/11: Preliminary Assessment of Space Colonization Strategies Based on
Subject: 8/11: Preliminary Assessment of Space Colonization Strategies Based on
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National Space Society
Lecture series:
Tuesday, August 11th 7:30pm
"Preliminary Assessment of Space Colonization Strategies Based on Nuclear
Fusion Propulsion"
Presented by Scott A. Carpenter of Engineering Design Environments,
Oakland, CA.
Some fusion propulsion concepts for space travel have matured to a level
where we can estimate the fuel and propellant needs for various space
mission scenarios. A solar system colonization/outpost strategy is assumed
to take place in the 2nd and 3rd quarters of the 21st Century. NASA, and
others, have identified the moon as a candidate source for large quantities
of helium-3, which is needed for
fusion-electric power. The energy content of helium-3 is so high that one
space shuttle returning to Earth with 20 tons of helium-3 represents $320
billion (1991 $) to an Earth-based energy market. 20-tones per year (under
the assumed colonization strategy) is the approximate amount of helium-3
required to support growth of one colony on Mars and outposts at each of the
gas-giant planets. Estimated propellant requirements for the solar system
colonization strategy are extremely huge amounts, and means to minimize
these resource requirements will be discussed. On the positive side, it is
determined that nuclear fusion can provide a robust transportation
infrastructure to sustain a major solar system colonization effort in the
2nd and 3rd quarters of the 21st Century. Note special date.
at MIT Lab for Computer
Science,
8th floor, room NE43-800,
545 Tech. Square, on Main St.
at railroad tracks, Cambridge.
(617)258-2828, or email reply.
Free, A/C, refreshments.
These meetings are sponsored by the Boston Chapter of the National
Space Society (NSS); together with the MIT chapter of the Students for the
Exploration and Development of Space (SEDS). NSS sponsors lectures on space
related topics, usually on the first Thursday of every month at the location
listed above.
To request more information, contact mjt@shore.net
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Дата: 07 августа 1998 (1998-08-07)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: STARDUST Microchip Update - August 5, 1998
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STARDUST MICROCHIP UPDATE
August 5, 1998
We have now collected over 992,000 names
for the second microchip that will
be carried on the STARDUST spacecraft. Names
submitted through July 31 are now online on our
website:
http://stardust.jpl.nasa.gov/microchip/names2.html
Don't forget the deadline for name submissions is
August 15, 1998, only 10 days away. We will no longer
accept any names after this date. You can continue
to submit names here:
http://stardust.jpl.nasa.gov/microchip/signup.html
Ron Baalke
STARDUST Webmaster
___ _____ ___
/_ /| /____/ \ /_ /| Ron Baalke | baalke@kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov
| | | | __ \ /| | | | Jet Propulsion Lab |
___| | | | |__) |/ | | |__ Pasadena, CA | Two wrongs don't make a right,
/___| | | | ___/ | |/__ /| | but two Wrights made an
|_____|/ |_|/ |_____|/ | airplane.
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Дата: 07 августа 1998 (1998-08-07)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Educational Web Pages Bring Earthquake Research To Students
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MEDIA RELATIONS OFFICE
JET PROPULSION LABORATORY
CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
PASADENA, CALIFORNIA 91109. TELEPHONE (818) 354-5011
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov
Contact: Mary Hardin (818) 354-0344
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE August 5, 1998
EDUCATIONAL WEB PAGES BRING EARTHQUAKE RESEARCH TO STUDENTS
A new educational tool that allows students to track
earthquake motions from their classrooms is now available online
at a NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) web site.
The project is part of the Southern California Integrated
GPS Network (SCIGN), an array of 250 Global Positioning System
(GPS) receivers that continuously measure the constant, yet
barely perceptible, movements of earthquake faults throughout
Southern California.
"The project was motivated because many of our GPS stations
are being placed at schools. We wanted students to have an
opportunity to be involved in the project, however the web pages
have been developed for use in any school. They are also
available to the general public and other organizations such as
libraries," said Dr. Frank Webb, a JPL geophysicist and the
executive chairman of SCIGN. "These web pages use earthquakes as
a starting point and we hope the site will enable students to
look at and use real data to solve problems. Also, in the event
of an earthquake, they'll be able to get online and see how their
area moved as a result of the earthquake."
The pages are available at http://scign.jpl.nasa.gov/learn .
"The site is designed for high school and beginning college
students, but middle school teachers have told us they can use
parts of it too," said Maggi Glasscoe, the SCIGN team member who
designed the pages. "Our hope is to illustrate math concepts,
such as reading a graph, help students learn how to do research
and encourage them to explore concepts ranging from plate
tectonics and earthquake faults to earth science and physics.
We've included a lot of animation and graphics that we hope will
get students excited."
The Southern California Earthquake Center is working with
the team to have the educational pages reviewed by educators to
meet current curriculum guidelines of the state of California.
At this time, there are about 50 GPS receivers in place
around Southern California with new sites being added every week.
The earthquake network began in 1990 with only four GPS receivers
as a prototype project funded by NASA. It detected very small
motions of Earth's crust in Southern California associated with
other California earthquakes in June 1992 in Landers, and in
January 1994 in Northridge.
SCIGN is a consortium of institutions with a common interest
in using GPS for earthquake research and mitigation. The
consortium is coordinated by the Southern California Earthquake
Center (SCEC), a National Science Foundation Science and
Technology Center headquartered at the University of Southern
California (USC). The lead institutions in the installation and
operation of SCIGN are JPL, the Institute of Geophysics and
Planetary Physics-Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the
University of California, San Diego, the United States Geological
Survey, and USC.
JPL is a division of the California Institute of Technology.
#####
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Дата: 07 августа 1998 (1998-08-07)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: SJI's Sky and Space Update - August 3, 1998
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SAN JUAN INSTITUTE'S SKY AND SPACE UPDATE
Summary information about the night sky and recent findings and
events in solar system exploration and science. Updated every 2 weeks.
LAST UPDATED: MON. AUG. 3, 1998
Prepared by: Andre Bormanis and Chris Perkins.
ALL TIMES GIVEN ARE PDT (UT - 7 HOURS) UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED.
OBJECTS TO LOOK FOR IN THE NIGHT SKY (MID-NORTHERN LATITUDES)
MERCURY reaches inferior conjunction (passing between the Earth and
Sun) on Aug. 13. It will be visible again toward the end of the month.
VENUS is visible low in the east northeast in the pre-dawn sky,
looking like an extremely bright star.
MARS is visible to the lower left of Venus, approaching within
0.9 degrees of Venus on Aug. 4 and 5. It looks like a dim reddish
star.
JUPITER rises in the east around 10 p.m., looking like a bright,
pearly white star.
SATURN rises in the east around midnight, looking like a pale yellow
star.
SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE OBSERVERS: Planets located in the southern part
of the sky for northern hemisphere observers will appear higher in
southern hemisphere skies; those in the north will appear lower.
THE MOON
Full Moon occurs Aug. 7 at 7:10 p.m. PDT (UT - 7 hours). This month's full
moon is known as the Grain or Sturgeon moon.
Last Quarter Moon occurs Aug. 14 at 12:48 p.m. PDT.
PERSEID METEOR SHOWER
Be sure to look to the skies Aug. 11 and 12! The annual Perseid meteor
shower is expected to peak sometime during this period. Your best chance of
seeing Perseids will be after dark but before the Moon rises (roughly between
11 p.m. and midnight) on one of these two nights. It's impossible to predict
exactly when the most meteors will be seen, or how long peak activity will
last. Observers typically see around 60 Perseids per hour during the peak,
but sometimes, for brief periods the number is much higher. Over the last
few years, a number of very bright meteors have also been witnessed during
the Perseid peak.
MARS GLOBAL SURVEYOR CONTINUES TO IMPRESS SCIENTISTS
The Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) spacecraft is transmitting stunning
new pictures of the Red Planet.
High resolution images of the immense Martian canyon system Valles
Marineris reveal layered rock strata that may indicate sedimentation or
volcanic processes. Evidence of landslide activity has been detected in
the interior walls of various craters.
"Splash" patterns surrounding some craters support the theory that
the sub-surface crust may have been wet or muddy when these craters were
formed billions of years ago by asteroid impact. An MGS image of a 50
kilometer wide crater shows channel features that were probably
formed as water seeped through the walls of the crater. Other features near
this crater look like dried out bays and peninsulas, supporting the idea that
pools of liquid water existed for some period of time on the ancient Martian
surface.
Indications of sand dunes attest to the action of wind on the planet's
surface. A strange complex of intersecting linear ridges near the south pole
of Mars may be the result of sand dunes in some way becoming "cemented" into
place, but scientists are still debating the nature and geologic history of
these features.
MGS is currently in an 11.6 hour elliptical orbit. Later this year,
MGS will resume aerobraking maneuvers that will eventually reduce its orbital
period to two hours. To view the latest images from the MGS mission, see
http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mgs/
NAMES FOR NEW URANIAN MOONS PROPOSED
The two new satellites recently discovered orbiting the planet Uranus
have been named, at least tentatively.
Brett Gladman and Phillip Nicholson discovered the Uranian satellites
last October using the 200" (5 meter) telescope on Mount Palomar, near San
Diego, California. The two astronomers have proposed that the moons be called
Caliban and Sycorax, the names of two characters from Shakespeare's play The
Tempest.
Before these names become official, however, they must be approved by
the International Astronomical Union (IAU), the only world body that can
officially designate names for astronomical objects. The General Assembly
of the IAU is expected to meet in August 2000. The proposed names will be
considered for approval then.
THESE WEEKS IN SPACE HISTORY
AUG. 5, 1971: A toothbrush lost during an Apollo 15 spacewalk becomes
an artificial satellite of Earth.
AUG. 7, 1959: The U.S. Explorer 6 spacecraft takes the first pictures
of Earth from orbit.
AUG. 9, 1983: The U.S. Infrared Astronomy Satellite (IRAS) discovers
a disk of dust grains surrounding the star Vega, providing some of
the earliest evidence that other stars possess planetary systems.
RANDOM SPACE FACT
The next nearest star, Alpha Centauri, is roughly 100 billion times
farther from the Earth than the Moon.
************************************************************************
SPONSORS WANTED: If you or your company might be interested in providing
funding for the Sky and Space Update, please contact educate@sji.org.
**********************************************************************
The San Juan Institute (SJI) is a non-profit corporation headquartered
in San Juan Capistrano, CA with divisions there and in Tucson, AZ. SJI
carries out research and education in planetary and Earth sciences and
astronomy, with funding provided by government grants and private donations,
which are always needed. Partial funding for the SSU has been provided by
NASA's Solar System Exploration Division.
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Дата: 07 августа 1998 (1998-08-07)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: STARDUST Name List Hits Million Mark
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
August 6, 1998
Contact: Robert Pearlman
(202) 543-1900, ext. 72
nsshq@nss.org
COMET-BOUND MICROCHIP HITS ONE MILLION NAMES
National Space Society and NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory "Make an IMPACT"
campaign reaches one million name goal
(Washington, DC) -- August 6 -- The National Space Society (NSS) and NASA's
Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) announce that, as of 5:49 pm PT yesterday,
the one millionth name was entered for inclusion onto a microchip that will
fly next year on board the NASA/JPL Stardust mission to collect cometary
dust particles. The one million name goal was announced by the NSS and
NASA/JPL in May in conjunction with the release of Paramount and DreamWorks
Pictures' release of the film, "Deep Impact."
"JPL had started to collect names on their own when we suggested teaming up
to go for the one million mark on this second microchip," said Pat Dasch,
NSS Executive Director. "We knew it was an ambitious goal, but with the
combined visibility of JPL's site and our site, and after we hit the
500,000 mark in early July, we knew it would be an attainable one. What a
thrill for all of those people to know they are 'on their way' to a comet
when the Stardust mission launches. We're very pleased to have partnered
with JPL on this special outreach project."
Names on board the microchip include all members of the National Space
Society; the members of the cast and crew of "Deep Impact" including
actress Tea Leoni and actor Morgan Freeman; U.S. Representative Dana
Rohrabacher, chairman of the House Subcommittee on Space & Aeronautics; and
shuttle astronaut Roger Crouch.
Additional names can still be submitted through the NSS website through
mid-August at <http://www.nss.org/impact>. The names will be
electronically etched onto a fingernail-size silicon chip and can then be
read only with the aid of an electron microscope. Those submitting their
names are granting permission for the Stardust project and its partners to
use the names in possible future exhibits and/or publications.
Stardust is being prepared for launch by NASA to intercept Comet Wild-2,
collect comet dust particles and deliver them back to Earth in January
2006, according to mission plans.
The National Space Society, which celebrates 25 years in 1999, is an
independent, nonprofit space advocacy organization headquartered in
Washington, DC. Its 23,000 members and 90 chapters around the world
actively promote a spacefaring civilization. Information on NSS and space
exploration is available at <http://www.nss.org/>.
###
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Дата: 07 августа 1998 (1998-08-07)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Запланированный на 15 сентября с.г. запуск американского спутника UHF.
Subject: Запланированный на 15 сентября с.г. запуск американского спутника UHF.
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Запланированный на 15 сентября с.г. запуск американского спутника UHF
F9 отложен на неопределенный срок
Компания Hughes Space & Communications Company объявила, что запуск
изготовленного ею спутника связи UHF F9 откладывается. Компания намерена
произвести замену некоторой части электронного оборудования спутника и
провести новые испытания.
Спутник UHF F9 изготовлен по заказу ВМС США. Запуск был запланирован на
15 сентября 1998 года с космодрома на мысе Канаверал. Hовая дата запуска
пока
не названа.
Представители компании Hughes Space & Communications Company заявили,
что перенос даты запуска не связан с проблемами, которые были зафиксированы
на спутниках связи "Galaxy-4", "Galaxy-7" и "DBS-1" в мае, июне и июле
нынешнего
года соответственно. Все эти спутники представляют из себя модель HS-601,
ту же,
что и спутник UHF F9. Представитель компании заявил, что нет никаких
проблем с
бортовой аппаратурой, но компания хочет выдать ВМС дополнительную гарантию
надежного функционирования спутника на орбите.
6.8.98
Источник: InfoArt News Agency
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Дата: 07 августа 1998 (1998-08-07)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: 14 августа завершаются занятия в Летней школе NASA длястаршеклассников
Subject: 14 августа завершаются занятия в Летней школе NASA длястаршеклассников
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14 августа завершаются занятия в Летней школе NASA для
старшеклассников
14 августа завершаются занятия в Летней школе NASA для
старшеклассников. Работа этой школы проводится в раках программы NASA по
ранней профориентации американских школьников и привлечения их к работе на
космическое ведомство.
Летние школы NASA организуются с 1980 года. За это время их посещало
более 2300 американских старшеклассников. В дальнейшем 80% из числа
прошедших обучение избрали своей профессией математику, физику и
технические
специальности. Более 50% из них сотрудничают с NASA.
В нынешнем году 208 старшеклассников были отобраны из более чем 1300
претендентов. 1 июня они приступили к занятиям во всех центрах NASA. Почти
2600
специалистов NASA были привлечены к работе со школьниками.
Руководство NASA считает программу летней работы со школьниками
экономически эффективной, так как уже с ранних лет позволяет прививать
школьникам те научные и деловые навыки, которые необходимы перспективным
специалистам NASA.
6.8.98
Источник: InfoArt News Agency
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Дата: 07 августа 1998 (1998-08-07)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Продолжается полет американского межпланетного зонда "Galileo"
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Продолжается полет американского межпланетного зонда "Galileo"
Продолжается полет американского межпланетного зонда "Galileo",
движущегося по орбите вокруг Юпитера. Избавившись от проблем с программным
обеспечением, которые привели к потере научных данных во время сближения с
юпитерианским спутником Европа, станция вновь ведет сбор научной информации
и
передает ее на Землю.
Вся нынешняя неделя будет посвящена передаче научной информации,
собранной в последние дни июля. Объем собранной информации настолько велик,
что заставляет проводить ее отбор и сжатие перед отправкой на Землю.
Специалисты NASA полагают, что им все равно придется пожертвовать частью
информации, так ее передача не может быть завершена до нового сближения с
Европой, которое планируется на 26 сентября нынешнего года.
6.8.98
Источник: InfoArt News Agency
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Дата: 07 августа 1998 (1998-08-07)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Vint Cerf назван "Выдающимся ученым-совместителем" Лаборатории...
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Vint Cerf назван "Выдающимся ученым-совместителем" Лаборатории
реактивного движения в Пасадене
Vint Cerf, вице-президент компании MCI, назван вчера "Выдающимся
ученым-совместителем" Лаборатории реактивного движения в Пасадене. Этого не
совсем красиво звучащего звания он удостоен за свои работы в Лаборатории
реактивного движения по развитию "межпланетного Internet".
Hакануне Cerf официально представил концепцию расширения земных границ
Internet и его использование для межпланетных коммуникаций.
Cerf заявил, что потребовалось 20 лет для внедрения Internet на Земле и
потребуется еще столько же для того, чтобы он стал доступен землянам,
которым
предстоит работать на Луне, Марсе и других планетах Солнечной системы.
Vint Cerf известен как "отец Internet". Именно он разработал в свое
время
протокол TCP/IP, который сейчас применяют пользователи Internet во всем
мире. В
декабре 1997 года президент США Bill Clinton наградил Cerf медалью за
технологические достижения.
6.8.98
Источник: InfoArt News Agency
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