Дата: 16 апреля 1998 (1998-04-16)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Students Observe Impact Of Space Travel On Nervous System
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Brian Dunbar
Headquarters, Washington, DC April 13, 1998
(Phone: 202/358-0873)
John Bluck
Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA
(Phone: 650/604-5026)
RELEASE 98-62
STUDENTS OBSERVE IMPACT OF SPACE TRAVEL ON NERVOUS SYSTEM
Students from around the world are learning about the
next Space Shuttle mission, calledNeurolab, by logging onto
the Internet at:
http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/neuron
They are learning how scientists, technicians and
astronauts are preparing for the STS-90 mission, scheduled
for liftoff April 16. Neurolab will study the effects of
weightlessness on the nervous system.
"NASA is breaking a time barrier by enabling students to
interact with Neurolab researchers via the Internet long
before any new information is printed in textbooks," said
Linda Conrad, NeurOn (Neurolab Online) Project Manager at
NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA. "About 50
scientists, engineers and the Shuttle and ground crews are
working with students and educators through the Internet
project."
The NASA on-line mentors upload biographies and field
journals to the NeurOn Internet pages. NASA employees from
Ames, Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, and Kennedy Space
Center, FL, will answer students' e-mail questions and will
participate in "Web chats" with youngsters and teachers.
During Internet chats, young people use computers to converse
with mentors by typing questions and reading responses and
dialogue via the World Wide Web.
NASA scientists note that, even after 50 years, they
know very little about the way the brain and nervous system
are affected by space flight. NASA's Neurolab mission is
expected to answer many questions about the way the nervous
system reacts to microgravity.
There are 26 experiments scheduled for Neurolab.
"Lesson plans for teachers are available on the website so
they can more easily integrate NeurOn activities related to
the experiments into the classroom," Conrad said.
The young students monitor activities of ground crew
members as they assemble hardware and prepare provisions such
as food and water, for the 16-day mission aboard the Shuttle
Columbia. A seven-member astronaut crew will conduct the
experiments.
In their classrooms, students will simulate mission
activities to better understand the Neurolab mission. The
NeurOn website includes a section that displays projects for
youngsters and galleries of student work.
The NeurOn project is one of many Internet offerings
from NASA's Quest Project at:
http://quest.arc.nasa.gov
These interactive projects connect students with NASA
employees and are designed to inspire young people to pursue
careers in high technology.
-end-
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=SANA=
Дата: 16 апреля 1998 (1998-04-16)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Second MGS Image of Cydonia Region Available
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The second image of the Cydonia Region taken by the Mars Global Surveyor
spacecraft is now available here:
http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mgs/target/CYD2/index.html
If you have trouble getting to this website, try one of the MGS mirror
sites listed below.
The raw image and 2 enhanced images are available. The image caption is
appended below.
Ron Baalke
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
JET PROPULSION LABORATORY
PASADENA, CALIFORNIA 91109
MEDIA RELATIONS OFFICE
TELEPHONE (818) 354-5011
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov
RAW IMAGE POSTED - April 14, 1998 6:30 PM Pacific Daylight Savings Time
CONTRAST ENHANCED IMAGES POSTED - April 14, 1998 8:30 PM Pacific
Daylight Savings Time
CYDONIA OBSERVATION #2 PHOTO CAPTION
Orbit: 239
Range: 331.07 km
Resolution: 2.5 m/pixel
Image dimensions: 1024 X 9600 pixels, 2.5 km x 24 km
Line time: 0.35 msec
Emission angle: 2.35 degrees
Incidence angle: 66.77 degrees
Phase angle: 68.81 degrees
Scan rate: ~0.15 degree/sec
Start time: periapsis + 375 sec
Sequence submitted to JPL: Mon 04/13/98 16:40 PDT
Image acquired by MOC: Tue 04/14/98 07:02:17 PDT
Data retrieved from JPL: Tue 04/14/98 17:30 PDT
JPL Clarification: Tue 04/14/98 8:30 PM PDT
Image is approximately 1.5 kilometers to the left of the targeted region.
Please note that the original RAW IMAGE file is in the orientation
as it was received from the spacecraft. All enhanced versions are
flipped from left to right to yield the correct orientation. This was
done so that the images are in the same orientation as the Viking data.
Please also note that we are still querying the Deep Space Network Stations
for data. If all data can be recovered the black band in lower portion
of the image should be corrected.
Processing Performed by Tim J. Parker, Geologist
Mars Pathfinder Science Support, JPL.
Image Processing Steps:
(1) Vertical banding in raw image removed using Vicar software with long,
narrow, highpass box filter, oriented parallel to banding in image.
(2) Performed moderate histogram stretch in Adobe Photoshop on
Macintosh desktop computer.
(3) "Flattened" broad shading variations in scene by
copying image and creating a "mask" in Photoshop with
the shading inverted with respect to the original image. This mask
was then merged with original scene and a second histogram stretch performed.
Quick Reference to Mars Global Surveyor Mirror Sites
Sites with Fast Update Capability
Name MGS Mirror Site Address Bandwidth
Update Delay
Silicon Graphics - http://mars.sgi.com/mgs 200 Mbps 3
Minutes
USA
Sun - USA http://www.sun.com/mars/mgs 200 Mbps 20
Minutes
Digital - USA http://entertainment.digital.com/mars/JPL/mgs 200 Mbps 10
Minutes
SDSC - USA http://mars.sdsc.edu/mgs 155 Mbps 10
Minutes
Blue Chip - ENGLAND http://www.bchip.com/mars/mgs 155 Mbps 15
Minutes
Excite - USA http://mars.excite.com/mars/mgs 155 Mbps 20
Minutes
AOL - USA http://mars.primehost.com/mgs 100 Mbps 10
Minutes
NASA AMES - USA http://mpfwww.arc.nasa.gov/mgs 100 Mbps 2
Minutes
Keyway - USA http://pathfinder.keyway.net/pathfinder/mgs 90 Mbps 3
Minutes
NCSA - USA http://www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/mars/mgs 55 Mbps 2
Minutes
NASA KSC - USA http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/mars/mgs 55 Mbps 3
Minutes
CSIRO - AUSTRALIA http://sparkli.tip.csiro.au/mars/mgs 34 Mbps 2
Minutes
WEB2MIL - URUGUAY http://web2mil.intercanal.com/mars/mgs 10 Mbps 2
Minutes
PGD - USA http://mars.pgd.hawaii.edu/mgs 10 Mbps 2
Minutes
Riken - JAPAN http://riksun1.riken.go.jp/JPL/mgs 6 Mbps 2
Minutes
NASDA - JAPAN http://mars.tksc.nasda.go.jp/JPL/mgs 1.5 Mbps 2
Minutes
IKI - RUSSIA http://www.iki.rssi.ru/jplmirror/mars/mgs 0.512 Mbps 5
Minutes
THOS - SOUTH AFRICA http://www.southafrica.co.za/mars/mgs 0.128 Mbps 2
Minutes
Sites with Same Day Update Capability
Name MGS Mirror Site Address Bandwidth
Max Update
Delay
Catlin - USA http://mars.catlin.edu/mgs 20 Mbps 1
Hour
Hewlette Packard - http://mars.hp.com/mgs 10 Mbps 1
Hour
USA
Sunsite - DENMARK http://sunsite.auc.dk/mars/mgs 3 Mbps 1
Hour
Ihighway - USA http://mars.ihighway.net/mgs 3 Mbps 1
Hour
CNES - FRANCE http://www-mars.cnes.fr/mgs 3 Mbps 30
Minutes
Sussex - ENGLAND http://tc.cpes.susx.ac.uk/mars/mgs 2 Mbps 1
Hour
Apranet - http://mars.arpanet.ch/mgs 2 Mbps 30
Minutes
SWITZERLAND
Egnatia - GREECE http://www.egnatia.ee.auth.gr/mirrors/mars/mgs 2 Mbps 1
Hour
Provider - POLAND http://mars.provider.com.pl/mgs 2 Mbps 1
Hour
FHO - GERMANY http://spot.fho-emden.de/nasa/mgs 2 Mbps 12
Hours
Webdesign - HUNGARY http://mars.webdesign.hu/mgs 1.5 Mbps 30
Minutes
SCI-CTR - SINGAPORE http://www.sci-ctr.edu.sg/mars/mgs 0.128 Mbps
12 Hours
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=SANA=
Дата: 16 апреля 1998 (1998-04-16)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Mars Global Surveyor Views Viking 1 Landing Site
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http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mgs/msss/camera/images/4_14_98_vl1_release/index.html
Mars Global Surveyor
Mars Orbiter Camera
MOC Views Viking Lander 1 Site Through Dust Storm Clouds
Shortly after 08:32 PDT on 12 April 1998, the Mars Global Surveyor
spacecraft pointed the Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) towards the location of the
Viking Lander 1 near 22.48° N, 47.97° W. During acquisition of the 2.7 meter
(8.8 foot) per pixel (projected resolution) image, the spacecraft was about
640 km from the site, viewing down from space at an angle of 31.64 °. The
local illumination conditions at the time were equivalent to a local martian
solar time of 9:20 AM.
[Image]
MOC 23501 (red) and 23502 (blue) Wide Angle Context Image
(showing location of MOC 23503) (JPEG = 825 KB)
The figure above shows the wide-angle view of the region during the orbit
235 observations. This view, a map projection, shows an image area of about
310 km wide by 290 km, at a scale of 300 meters (985 feet) per pixel. The
green channel of this image was synthesized from the red and blue channels.
Noted by a white box is the outline of the MOC high resolution (narrow
angle) image (MOC 23503).
A well-developed local dust storm dominates this view of the planet. Plumes
from the storm suggest that the wind is blowing from lower left to wards the
upper right. The slightly dark zone around the dust cloud may be surface
that has been swept clean of a fraction of the mobile dust. The dust cloud
obscures most of the landing site as seen in this image.
[Image]
Viking Orbiter 027A63 showing location of MOC 23503 (GIF = 2.2 MB)
This figure shows the location of the MOC high resolution image, as seen on
a Viking Orbiter frame. The map-projected VO frame (027A63) shown here has a
displayed scale of 28 meters (92 feet) per pixel. The Viking image was
acquired on 17 July 1976 at 3:07 AM PDT.
The Viking Lander 1 site is on a relatively smooth plain in Chryse Planitia.
Seen in this Viking image are two important attributes of this location:
brightness "streaks" associated with impact craters and irregular, almost
sinuous ridges. The dark streaks pointing towards the northeast are
consistent with the direction of winter, downslope winds (as seen in the
present dust storm). Such dark streaks usually develop as light-colored dust
is kicked up by turbulence behind the crater and then transported away by
the wind. The ridges are believed to reflect tectonic forces associated with
the ground's adjustment to the weight of material filling the Chryse basin.
The origin of the fill is not certain: it may be lava flows, flood debris,
or both.
[Image]
MOC 23503 full frame at 1/8th resolution (GIF = 283 KB)
This figure shows the MOC image 23503 at roughly the same scale as the
Viking image (22 meters, or 71 feet, per pixel). Remarkably, despite the
cloudiness seen in the low resolution wide-angle images, considerable
surface detail is visible. The MOC image shows two phenomena associated with
the dust cloudy atmosphere--a reduction in contrast caused by the haziness
of the atmosphere and a light and dark mottling that reflects local
variations in cloud thickness (not particularly the light patches at the
extreme top and bottom of the image). Note that this version of the image
has been processed to enhance both small detail while trying to retain the
overall brightness variations. The dark band near the center of the image
represents data lost during the tranmsission and transport of the image to
Malin Space Science Systems.
[Image]< [Image]
(Left) Mosaic of Viking Orbiter 452B11 (left) and 452B10 (right) (GIF = 292
KB)
(Right) MOC 23503 (partial frame) (GIF = 2.13 MB)
The left-hand image, above, is a section out of a mosaic of two Viking
Orbiter very high resolution images, also taken under less-than-optimum
illumination and atmospheric conditions. The two Viking frames (452B10 and
452B11) were map-projected to a common scale of 7 meters (22.8 feet) per
pixel and portions mosaicked. The white arrow points to the approximate
position of the lander, as determined by Morris and Jones (Icarus 44,
217-222, 1980) from matching features seen in lander images with features
seen in these orbiter pictures. Owing to atmospheric hazes and some residual
spacecraft motion-blur, the effective scale of these images is probably
between 10 and 12 meters (33 and 40 feet) per pixel.
The right-hand view, above, is a section of MOC narrow angle frame 23503
that covers the same area as seen in the highest resolution Viking images.
This map-projected picture has a scale of 2.7 meters (9 feet) per pixel.
However, defocus of the camera and, more importantly, atmospheric haze,
reduces the effective scale of this image to about 4 meters (13 feet) per
pixel. This scale is insufficient to resolve the Viking Lander, and the
image shows no indication of the presence of the lander. The scale is also
marginal for distinguishing large rocks. Some can be seen as part of the
ejecta of the larger craters in the scene (especially around the fresh
crater about a kilometer to the west of the landing site). Although the MOC
image is about 3 times higher resolution than the Viking image, the
combination of non-vertical viewing, the less-than-optimum illumination
conditions, and the substantial atmospheric contribution to image
degradation, all lead to an image that does not address the major
outstanding questions regarding the site. Images acquired if the spacecraft
passes over the landing site during the mapping will be substantially
better.
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=SANA=
Дата: 16 апреля 1998 (1998-04-16)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: John McNamee Chosen To Head Outer Planets/Solar Probe Projects
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MEDIA RELATIONS OFFICE
JET PROPULSION LABORATORY
CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
PASADENA, CALIF. 91109. TELEPHONE (818) 354-5011
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov
Contact: Jane Platt
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE April 15, 1998
MCNAMEE CHOSEN TO HEAD NASA'S OUTER PLANETS/SOLAR PROBE PROJECTS
Dr. John McNamee, of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
Pasadena, CA, has been appointed project manager for Outer
Planets/Solar Probe, which encompasses three planned missions--
Europa Orbiter, Pluto-Kuiper Express and Solar Probe.
McNamee will continue in his present role as project manager
of the 1998 Mars Surveyor mission, with Outer Planets/Solar Probe
as an additional role. After the launches of the Mars '98 Climate
Orbiter on December 10, 1998, and the Mars '98 Polar Lander on
January 3, 1999, McNamee will assume management of Outer
Planets/Solar Probe on a full-time basis. Robert Staehle, former
manager for the Ice and Fire Preprojects, has been named deputy
project manager for Outer Planets/Solar Probe.
"We'll travel to three completely different destinations
from the beginning to the end of the solar system," McNamee said,
"from the Sun to Jupiter's moon Europa to Pluto and the Kuiper
Disk." Europa Orbiter will look for evidence of liquid oceans on
the icy moon Europa, while Solar Probe will swoop closer to the
Sun than any previous spacecraft, and Pluto-Kuiper Express will
fly past Pluto, its moon Charon and into the distant Kuiper Disk.
McNamee has served as the 1998 Mars Surveyor project manager
since May 1995. Before that, he was manager of the Mars
Exploration Preprojects and mission design manager for the Mars
Pathfinder project. His nine-year career at JPL has also
included positions as engineering office deputy manager and
navigation team chief for the Magellan mission to Venus. His work
on Magellan earned him NASA's Exceptional Service Award.
McNamee was born in Fort Sill, OK, but spent most of his
youth in Hollywood, FL. He earned his bachelor of science degree
in economics from the University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, in
1975, and went on to receive a master's degree and doctorate from
the University of Texas, Austin.
JPL manages the 1998 Mars Climate Orbiter and 1998 Mars
Polar Lander mission and the Outer Planets/Solar Probe projects
for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, DC. JPL is a
division of California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA.
#####
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=SANA=
Дата: 16 апреля 1998 (1998-04-16)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: STARDUST Update - April 10, 1998
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STARDUST Status Report
April 10, 1998
Ken Atkins
STARDUST Project Manager
Activity continued to increase related to assembly of the flight system. The
Flight Cometary & Interstellar Dust Analyzer (CIDA) was delivered by the
team from Germany's Max Planck Institute. Initial setups and checkouts were
completed demonstrating the instrument's capability to transmit examples of
the kind of data it will collect in flight. Some very important progress was
also made by the navigation camera team as they completed testing and
calibration at JPL in preparation for next week's delivery to Lockheed
Martin Astronautics in Denver, Colorado. This camera will be used to provide
pictures to the navigators as they make the final course corrections for the
cometary flythrough. It will also be the instrument for taking the
"up-close-and-personal" images of Comet Wild 2 as the spacecraft cruises
some 150 miles (about 240 kilometers) above the now-unknown surface of the
comet's nucleus. The team at Lockheed Martin Astronautics also completed
some deployment testing on the spacecraft's solar array demonstrating how
Stardust will "spread its wings" following launch and separation from the
launch rocket. Finally, a test unit of the aerogel collector was reviewed in
preparation for using it to test how we will keep it extremely clean during
its installation and launch. It is partially loaded with examples of
flight-quality aerogel. Photos of the collector, the dust analyzer
instrument and navigation camera are available by clicking the
"photogallery" button (http://stardust.jpl.nasa.gov/photo/spacecraft.html)
on the website.
For more information on the STARDUST mission - the first ever comet sample
return mission - please visit the STARDUST home page:
http://stardust.jpl.nasa.gov
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=SANA=
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