Дата: 30 марта 1998 (1998-03-30)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Cassini Update - March 27, 1998
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CASSINI SIGNIFICANT EVENTS FOR
WEEK ENDING 03/27/98
Spacecraft Status:
The Cassini spacecraft is presently traveling at a speed of
approximately 143,000 kilometers/hour (~89,000 mph) relative to the sun
and has traveled approximately 439 million kilometers (~273 million
miles) since launch on October 15, 1997.
The most recent Spacecraft status is from the DSN tracking pass on
Thursday,03/26, over Madrid. The Cassini spacecraft is in an excellent
state of health and is executing the C7 sequence nominally, having been
returned to standard sequence-based activities on Thursday, 3/26,
following an occurrence of spacecraft system-safing on Tuesday, 3/24
(see below).
Inertial attitude control is being maintained using the spacecraft's
hydrazine thrusters (RCS system). The spacecraft continues to fly in a
High Gain Antenna-to-Sun attitude. It will maintain the HGA-to-Sun
attitude, except for planned trajectory correction maneuvers, for the
first 14 months of flight.
Communication with Earth during early cruise is via one of the
spacecraft's two low-gain antennas; the antenna selected depends on the
relative geometry of the Sun, Earth and the spacecraft. The downlink
telemetry rate is presently 40 bps.
Spacecraft Activity Summary:
On Friday, 03/20, there were no changes in spacecraft configuration.
On Saturday, 03/21, the Solid State Recorder (SSR) record and playback
pointers were reset, according to plan. This housekeeping activity,
done approximately weekly, maximizes the amount of time that recorded
engineering data is available for playback to the ground should an
anomaly occur on the spacecraft.
On Sunday, 03/22, and Monday, 03/23, there were no changes in
spacecraft configuration.
On Tuesday, March 24, the Cassini spacecraft automatically entered
"safing"(i.e., a pre-defined, low-activity safe operating mode of the
spacecraft) while performing a planned spacecraft maintenance activity.
The spacecraft executed the "safing" response exactly as designed.
Tuesday's telemetry indicated that safing resulted from a small
variation in information about the spacecraft's orientation (i.e.,
attitude), that occurred as flight controllers were switching
between the spacecraft's two stellar reference units.
On Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday ground controllers prepared and
uplinked the commands needed to return the spacecraft to its planned
operating state. By Thursday afternoon, 3/26, the recovery effort had
been completed, the C7 sequence had been reactivated and the planned
activities were again executing on schedule. No mission impacts
occurred as a result of this event. All planned activities for the
Venus 1 flyby remain on schedule.
On Thursday evening, 3/26, the second Probe Checkout was conducted, as
planned. This activity occurs approximately every 6 months. Temperature
and power telemetry from the DSN track immediately following the
activity indicated that the activity executed as expected. A series of
data playbacks from the SSR which begin on 3/31 will provide detailed
information on the results of the checkout.
Also on Thursday, the spacecraft passed through perihelion, the point in
its orbit closest to the sun.
Upcoming events:
Activities scheduled for the week of 3/27 - 4/02 include: the first 2
(of 7) Probe Checkout data playbacks (3/31 and 4/1), an SSR pointer
reset (4/1), and an SSR FSW partition maintenance activity (4/1).
DSN Coverage:
Over the past week Cassini had 8 scheduled DSN tracks occurring from
03/20 through 3/22 and 3/24 through 3/26. Additional DSN coverage was
obtained on Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday. In the coming week there
will be 9 DSN passes.
Sequence Preparation:
Preparations are continuing for the Launch-plus-14 month initial
instrument checkout of the orbiter instruments. Engineering Change
Requests for that important functionality test were approved on
Wednesday. The approved timeline of activities for the Instrument
Checkout will pass from the Mission Planning Virtual Team to the
Sequence Virtual Team in the near future.
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=SANA=
Дата: 30 марта 1998 (1998-03-30)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Sky & Telescope News Bulletin - March 27, 1998
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SKY & TELESCOPE'S NEWS BULLETIN
MARCH 27, 1998
METEORITE FALL IN TEXAS
With the recent hubbub about the dangers of large asteroid impacts, events
this past week serve as a reminder about smaller pieces of cosmic debris.
On Sunday, March 22nd, just before 7 p.m. local time, a fireball was seen
blazing and then exploding over Texas. Shortly thereafter, a hunk of rock
hit the ground in the city of Monahans, located 340 km (210 miles) east of
El Paso. The fragment, first found by youths who were playing basketball
about 10 meters away, measured 22-by-10-by-5 centimeters (9-by-4-by-2
inches). A second, smaller fragment was found the next day about 240 meters
(800 feet) away from the first. The meteorites have been classified as
chondrites, or stony meteorites. More pieces are likely in the area.
MARS GLOBAL SURVEYOR MAPPING AGAIN
The hiatus of data from Mars Global Surveyor ends today as NASA halts
aerobraking maneuvers to begin a five-month-long series of scientific
observations. Aerobraking will resume in September and continue until March
1999, when Global Surveyor should reach its final circular orbit. Over the
following few days, flight controllers will characterize the spacecraft
intermediate elliptical orbit to determine what surface features the camera
can view. It turns out that features on Mars can be off by 1 to 2
kilometers from accepted maps. The spacecraft now orbits the planet every
11.6 hours, with a minimum altitude of 170 kilometers. Among the
possibilities for imaging is the Cydonia region of Mars, an area that
includes the infamous "Face on Mars" and other topographic curiosities.
SPACECRAFT NEWS
In early March, the assembly of the Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility.
AXAF -- one of NASA's "Great Observatories" -- is scheduled for launch
aboard Space Shuttle Columbia in December 1998. On Wednesday, NASA
Administrator Daniel S. Goldin authorized the start of work on the Space
Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF), a project that has been in planning
for more than a decade. SIRTF, managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory
(JPL). is scheduled for launch in December 2001 aboard a Delta booster. And
NASA has approved development of the third Wide Field Camera (WFC3) for the
Hubble Space Telescope. This instrument is scheduled to be installed during
a servicing mission by Space Shuttle astronauts in 2002.
CONSUMER TELESCOPE ALLIANCE
On March 25th, optics manufacturer Tasco Sales, Inc., announced that it
signed a letter of intent to buy Celestron International. While this action
will merge the companies, they will continue to operate independently. The
acquisition of Celestron will give Tasco a complete range of low- to high-
end consumer optics, and provide Celestron with larger channels for
distribution.
A SUPERNOVA TO SPY ON
Amateurs continue to follow the supernova discovered on March 2nd in the
galaxy NGC 3877 in Ursa Major. Supernova 1998S, an unusual Type IIn
supernova, has been holding fairly steady at 12th magnitude for the last
two weeks. The 11th-magnitude galaxy is located just 0.3 degree due south
of the star Chi Ursae Majoris. Supernova 1998S is 14" west and 46" south of
the elongated galaxy's center. S&T Associate Editor Alan MacRobert reports
that on March 25th the supernova was easier to see than the galaxy itself
in a 12-inch telescope at 110-power through some light pollution.
THIS WEEK'S "SKY AT A GLANCE"
Some daily events in the changing sky, from the editors of SKY & TELESCOPE.
MARCH 29 -- SUNDAY
* At this time of year, the brightest star shining in the southwestern sky
during evening is Sirius, the Dog Star. You can't miss it! High above Sirius
(by roughly three fist-widths at arm's length) is Procyon, the Little Dog
Star. A similar distance to Sirius's right or upper right is the constellation
Orion.
MARCH 30 -- MONDAY
* The brightest star fairly low in the east after dark is the "Spring
Star," Arcturus. It rises higher as the night progresses. It will also get
higher as seen at the same time of night as the season progresses.
MARCH 31 -- TUESDAY
* Look just above the waxing crescent Moon this evening for Aldebaran.
* The Moon's rMDNMЇdark limb occults (covers) the 4th-magnitude star Gamma
Tauri
in the Hyades for much of North America this evening. This will be a
beautiful event for visual observers and suitable for camcorder timings
(see the March Sky & Telescope, page 98, or
http://www.skypub.com/occults/occults.html).
APRIL 1 -- WEDNESDAY
* The Moon shines this evening to the upper left of Aldebaran and the
upper right of Orion.
APRIL 2 -- THURSDAY
* Look below the Moon this evening for the constellation Orion. At this
time of year Orion is getting lower and lower in the west after dark, and
his three-star Belt is positioned nearly horizontally. Shining above the
Belt, by about a fist-width at arm's length, is bright orange Betelgeuse
(Orion's shoulder). The same distance below the Belt is bright Rigel (one of
Orion's feet).
APRIL 3 -- FRIDAY
* First-quarter Moon (exact at 3:18 p.m. EST).
APRIL 4 -- SATURDAY
* The Moon is nearly in line with Castor and Pollux this evening. Below it
is Procyon.
* rMDNMЇThis evening the 12th-magnitude asteroid 23 Thalia occults a
10.4-magnitude star in Auriga for parts of the northeastern U.S. and
southern Canada. The occultation, which could last for up to 4 seconds,
should happen within a few minutes of 9:09 p.m. EST (convert to your time
zone). For a finder chart see the April Sky & Telescope, page 94, or go to
http://www.skypub.com/occults/occults.html.
* Daylight saving time begins at 2 a.m. tomorrow morning in most of the
United States.
============================
THIS WEEK'S PLANET ROUNDUP
============================
MERCURY, MARS, and SATURN are disappearing into the sunset.
VENUS shines brightly in the east-southeast during dawn.
JUPITER is nearly hidden in the glow of dawn, some 15 or 20 degrees to the
lower left of Venus.
URANUS and NEPTUNE, magnitudes 6 and 8, respectively, are to the upper right
of Venus.
PLUTO, magnitude 13.8 near the Ophiuchus-Scorpius border, is well up in the
southeast by 1 or 2 a.m.
(All descriptions that relate to the horizon or zenith are written for the
world's midnorthern latitudes. Descriptions that also depend on longitude
are for North America. Eastern Standard Time, EST, equals Universal Time
minus 5 hours.)
More details, sky maps, and news of other celestial events appear each month
in SKY & TELESCOPE, the essential magazine of astronomy. See our Web site at
http://www.skypub.com/. Clear skies!
SKY & TELESCOPE, P.O. Box 9111, Belmont, MA 02178 * 617-864-7360 (voice)
Copyright 1998 Sky Publishing Corporation. S&T's Weekly News Bulletin and
Sky at a Glance stargazing calendar are provided as a service to the
astronomical community by the editors of SKY & TELESCOPE magazine.
Widespread electronic distribution is encouraged as long as these paragraphs
are included. But the text of the bulletin and calendar may not be
published in any other form without permission from Sky Publishing (contact
permissions@skypub.com or phone 617-864-7360). Illustrated versions,
including active links to related Internet resources, are available via SKY
Online on the World Wide Web at http://www.skypub.com/.
In response to numerous requests, and in cooperation with the Astronomical
League (http://www.mcs.net/~bstevens/al/) and the American Association of
Amateur Astronomers (http://www.corvus.com/), S&T's Weekly News Bulletin and
Sky at a Glance are available via electronic mailing list too. For a free
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SKY & TELESCOPE, the Essential Magazine of Astronomy, is read by more than
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For subscription information, or for a free copy of our catalog of fine
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custserv@skypub.com. SKY Online: http://www.skypub.com/. Clear skies!
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=SANA=
Дата: 30 марта 1998 (1998-03-30)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: STS-90 Press Briefings Set For April 2
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Jennifer McCarter
Headquarters, Washington, DC March 27, 1998
(Phone: 202/358-1639)
Eileen M. Hawley
Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX
(Phone: 281/483-5111)
NOTE TO EDITORS : N98-24
STS-90 PRESS BRIEFINGS SET FOR APRIL 2
A series of background press briefings on the upcoming STS-90
mission are scheduled beginning at 9 a.m. EST April 2 on NASA TV,
originating from NASA's Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX. The
16-day Shuttle mission is dedicated to the study of the human
nervous system, the most complex and least understood part of the
body.
The principal objectives of the STS-90 mission are to expand
our understanding of how the nervous system develops and functions
in space, but the research also will provide unique contributions
to the study and treatment of neurological disorders on Earth.
The launch window opens at 2:19 p.m. EDT on April 16, and
lasts 2 hours. Following a nominal flight duration of 15 days, 21
hours, 50 minutes, Space Shuttle Columbia is scheduled to land at
the Kennedy Space Center, FL, on May 2 about 12:09 p.m. EDT.
Following the STS-90 mission briefings, round-robin
interviews with the crew members will be held for reporters at the
Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, and for those reporters who
make advance arrangements to conduct the interviews by phone.
Media interested in the round robin interviews should fax their
request to Eileen Hawley in Johnson Public Affairs by close of
business March 31. The round-robin interviews will not be seen on
NASA TV. NASA TV is available on GE-2, Transponder 9C at 85
degrees West longitude, vertical polarization, with a frequency of
3880 Mhz, and audio of 6.8 Mhz.
STS-90 will be Columbia's 25th mission into space and the
90th Shuttle flight in the program's history.
- end -
STS-90 PRE-FLIGHT BRIEFINGS
Thursday, April 2, 1998
(all times shown are EST)
9 a.m. Mission Overview
Al Pennington, STS-90 lead flight director
9:30 a.m. Neurolab Overview
Dr. Mary Anne Frey, program scientist, NASA Headquarters
James McGuire, program manager, NASA Headquarters
10:30 a.m. Neurolab science briefing
Dr. Jerry Homick, Neurolab mission scientist
Dr. Mel Buderer, JSC payload project scientist
Dr. Louis Ostrach, ARC payload project scientist
12 p.m. NASA TV Videofile
2:30 p.m. STS-90 Crew Press Conference
Rick Searfoss, Commander
Scott Altman, Pilot
Rick Linnehan, Payload Commander, MS1
Kay Hire, MS2
Dave Williams, MS3
Jay Buckey, PS1
Jim Pawelczyk, PS2
4 p.m. STS-90 Crew Round Robins
Note: The round robin interview event with the STS-90
crew is a local JSC event only and will not be carried
on NASA TV.
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=SANA=
Дата: 30 марта 1998 (1998-03-30)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Earth Dragging Space And Time As It Rotates
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Douglas Isbell
Headquarters, Washington, DC. March 27, 1998
(Phone: 202/358-1753)
Lynn Chandler
Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD
(Phone: 301/286-9016)
RELEASE: 98-51
EARTH DRAGGING SPACE AND TIME AS IT ROTATES
An international team of NASA and university researchers has
found the first direct evidence of a phenomenon predicted 80 years
ago using EinsteinХs theory of general relativity -- that the
Earth is dragging space and time around itself as it rotates.
Researchers believe they have detected the effect by
precisely measuring shifts in the orbits of two Earth-orbiting
laser-ranging satellites, the Laser Geodynamics Satellite I
(LAGEOS I), a NASA spacecraft, and LAGEOS II, a joint NASA/Italian
Space Agency (ASI) spacecraft. The research, which is reported in
the current edition of the journal Science, is the first direct
measurement of a bizarre effect called "frame dragging."
The team was led by Dr. Ignazio Ciufolini of the National
Research Council of Italy and the Aerospace Department of the
University of Rome, and Dr. Erricos Pavlis of the Joint Center for
Earth System Technology, a research collaboration between NASA's
Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, and the University of
Maryland at Baltimore County.
"General relativity predicts that massive rotating objects
should drag space-time around themselves as they rotate," said
Pavlis. "Frame dragging is like what happens if a bowling ball
spins in a thick fluid such as molasses. As the ball spins, it
pulls the molasses around itself. Anything stuck in the molasses
will also move around the ball. Similarly, as the Earth rotates,
it pulls space-time in its vicinity around itself. This will
shift the orbits of satellites near the Earth.
"We found that the plane of the orbits of LAGEOS I and II
were shifted about six feet (two meters) per year in the direction
of the Earth's rotation," Pavlis said. "This is about 10 percent
greater than what is predicted by general relativity, which is
within our margin of error of plus or minus 20 percent. Later
measurements by Gravity Probe B, a NASA spacecraft scheduled to be
launched in 2000, should reduce this error margin to less than one
percent. This promises to tell us much more about the physics
involved."
Einstein's theory of general relativity has been highly
successful at explaining how matter and light behave in strong
gravitational fields, and has been successfully tested using a
wide variety of astrophysical observations. The frame-dragging
effect was first derived using general relativity by Austrian
physicists Joseph Lense and Hans Thirring in 1918. Known as the
Lense-Thirring effect, it was previously observed by the team of
Ciufolini using the LAGEOS satellites and has recently been
observed around distant celestial objects with intense
gravitational fields, such as black holes and neutron stars. The
new research around Earth is the first direct detection and
measurement of this phenomenon.
The team analyzed a four-year period of data from the LAGEOS
satellites from 1993 to 1996, using a method devised by Ciufolini
three years ago. The other team members are Dr. Federico Chieppa
of Scuola d'Ingegneria Aerospaziale of the University of Rome, and
Drs. Eduardo Fernandes and Juan Perez-Mercader of Laboratorio de
Astrofisica Espacial y Fisica Fundamental (LAEFF) in Madrid.
The measurements required the use of an extremely accurate
model of the Earth's gravitational field, called the Earth Gravity
Model 96, which became available only recently due to the
collaborative work of the Laboratory for Terrestrial Physics at
Goddard, the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (formerly the
Defense Mapping Agency), Fairfax, VA, and the Ohio State
University, Columbus, OH. It was developed over a four-year period
using tracking data from approximately 40 spacecraft.
Dr. John Ries, an expert in satellite geodesy at the
University of Texas at Austin, cautions that it is very
challenging to remove the much larger effects of tidal changes and
small zonal influences in the Earth's gravitational field, so that
estimating the possible errors in the measurement of the Lense-
Thirring effect is itself uncertain.
ТThe relativistic effect being sought is about ten million
times smaller than classical Newtonian disturbances on the plane
of the LAGEOS orbits, requiring an enormously accurate treatment
of background effects,У said Dr. Alan Bunner, science program
director for the Structure and Evolution of the Universe in the
Office of Space Science at NASA headquarters, Washington, DC.
LAGEOS II, launched in 1992, and its predecessor, LAGEOS I,
launched in 1976, are passive satellites dedicated exclusively to
laser ranging, which involves sending laser pulses to the
satellite from ranging stations on Earth and then recording the
round-trip travel time. Given the well-known value for the speed
of light, this measurement enables scientists to determine
precisely the distances between laser ranging stations on Earth
and the satellite.
LAGEOS is designed primarily to provide a reference point for
experiments that monitor the motion of the Earth's crust, measure
and understand the "wobble" in the Earth's axis of rotation, and
collect information on the Earth's size, shape, and gravitational
field. Such research is part of NASA's Earth Science enterprise,
a coordinated research program that studies the Earth's land,
oceans, ice, atmosphere and life as a total system.
-end-
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=SANA=
Дата: 30 марта 1998 (1998-03-30)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Lunar Prospector Update - March 25, 1998
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Lunar Prospector Status Report #26
March 25, 1998
7:00 p.m. EST (4:00 p.m. PST)
The spacecraft continues to perform very well and all instruments
continue to collect good data. The Lunar Prospector orbit is evolving
consistently with predictions from the latest gravity model (LP75D)
supplied by Dr. Konopliv/JPL, which has been in use since March 3, 1998
for Lunar Prospector orbit determination product generation. The
accuracy of orbit determination solutions has improved dramatically
over pre-launch models. Figure 1 shows definitive solutions plotted
against propagations of the Lunar Prospector orbit since the beginning
of the mission and following the first mapping orbit maneuver on March
8. On this figure, both the apoapsis (maximum) and periapsis (minimum)
altitudes of each orbit are shown. As planned before launch, definitive
orbit solutions for the time span prior to March 3 are being
re-computed by Goddard Space Flight Center using the updated gravity
model and will be made available by mid-April.
A plan for conducting Lunar Prospector orbit maneuver has been
implemented which calls for maneuvers approximately every two months.
These maneuvers are timed to coincide with periods when the orientation
of the Lunar Prospector orbit plane is such that continuous ground
station coverage is available (when orbit normal is aligned with the
Earth-moon line every 14 days). This guarantees coverage of the
maneuvers, which consist of two burns spaced close to 180 degrees apart
to adjust orbit eccentricity and the location of periapsis. The next
orbit maneuver is tentatively planned on or about May 1st. Figure 2
contains a long-term propagation of the LP orbit which shows how the
orbit would evolve if no more maneuvers were conducted. Next week, a
small attitude re-orientation will likely be scheduled to trim out the
attitude.
The current state of the vehicle ( as of 4:00 p.m. (PST) on Wed., March
25, 1998), according to Mission Operations Manager Marcie Smith, is as
follows:
Spacecraft Orbit Number: 895
Data Downlink Rate: 3600 bps
Spin Rate: 11.96 rpm
Spin Axis Attitude
Longitude: 280 degrees
Latitude: 86.4 degrees
Trajectory
Periselene: 89 km
Aposelene: 109 km
Period: 118 minutes
Inclination: 91 degrees
Occultations: 45 minutes duration
Eclipses: 47 minutes duration
Ken Galal
Lunar Prospector Trajectory Engineer
NASA Ames Research Center
Moffett Field, Calif. 94035
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=SANA=
Дата: 30 марта 1998 (1998-03-30)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Science And Technology Center Dedication Set For April 3
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MEDIA RELATIONS OFFICE
JET PROPULSION LABORATORY
CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
PASADENA, CALIF. 91109 TELEPHONE (818) 354-5011
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov
Contact: John G. Watson
NOTE TO EDITORS March 27, 1998
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CENTER DEDICATION SET FOR APRIL 3
Media representatives are invited to cover the dedication of
the newly expanded Apple Valley Science and Technology Center in
Apple Valley, CA the morning of Friday, April 3. Participants
include U.S. Rep. Jerry Lewis; Gale Wilson, wife of Governor Pete
Wilson; NASA Administrator Dan Goldin; JPL Director Dr. Edward
C. Stone; and astronaut Dick Covey. Many other local, state and
national officials will join parents, teachers and students to
celebrate the expansion of the center. Events include:
9:30 a.m. -- Dedication of a T-38 jet fighter honoring pilots and
engineers
10:05 a.m. -- Students in Michigan and Kentucky will operate a
radio telescope via the Internet
10:30 a.m. -- Dedication of the new facility begins
11:45 a.m. -- Press conference
The center, located at the corner of Thunderbird and Wichita
roads, was built nearly 10 years ago. It now houses an
observatory, Air Force jet flight simulator, computer center,
weather station and related hands-on learning tools for students.
In recent years, it has drawn more than 80,000 students and
teachers from all over Southern California and the United States.
The center is affiliated with the Apple Valley Unified School
District and has drawn the support of many business and community
leaders from its inception in 1985 for its effective experiments
with new, creative educational methods.
In 1996, the center took over operation of a nine-story-high
tracking antenna within the Goldstone site of NASA's Deep Space
Network, near Barstow, CA. Instead of tearing down the
decommissioned antenna, NASA/JPL entered into an agreement
allowing the center and the school district to operate the
antenna as a radio telescope for use via the Internet by students
from around the United States.
Attendees will witness the dedication of a T-38 jet fighter
to the memory of all those who have "pushed the envelope of
flight" in the Mojave Desert, and in particular to Bill Davis, a
pilot who worked with the aeronautics department of the center to
encourage and excite students about aviation.
Perhaps most unique to the new facility is the Academy for
Academic Excellence, a California Charter school of 400 K-12
students. Visitors will be able to see the innovative approaches
to education being developed and tested in the center.
A NASA video file about the center and the student operation
of the radio telescope will air on NASA Television on April 3.
Call JPL Media Relations for more information.
#####
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=SANA=
Дата: 30 марта 1998 (1998-03-30)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Today On Galileo - March 28, 1998
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TODAY ON GALILEO
Saturday, March 28, 1998
The second science encounter of the Galileo Europa Mission, the follow on to
Galileo's primary mission, started today when encounter-related computer
commands began executing at 5 am, Pacific Time. For the next three days,
science instruments onboard the Galileo spacecraft will gather more
information on the Jupiter system and its intriguing moons. The information
will be stored on the onboard tape recorder for later playback. Once again,
the bulk of the science observations will focus on Jupiter's moon Europa,
but Jupiter, Jupiter's magnetic and electric field environment, and each of
the other three Galilean moons: Io, Ganymede and Callisto, are also
observed.
This encounter is being performed without the gyroscopes. That's because of
the recent discovery of further degradation of the anomalous behavior of the
spacecraft's attitude control subsystem. During data collection by the
remote sensing instruments (camera, spectrometers and radiometer), the
gyroscopes are used to improve the stability of instrument pointing. They
detect small wobbling of the spacecraft and compensate to keep the
instruments steady. Without the gyros, no motion compensation is available.
This is expected to result in a small degradation in the quality of the data
that is gathered.
As the spacecraft flies through the Jupiter system, it passes points of
closest approach to each of the bodies of the system. Today, the spacecraft
passes within 250,000 kilometers (155,000 miles) of Io and 632,000
kilometers (393,000 miles) of Jupiter at 8:48 pm and 11:59 pm, respectively,
both in Pacific Time.
The fields and particles instruments kick off the science data gathering
activities by initiating a low-rate survey (information is collected at a
rate of only a few bits per second) of Jupiter's magnetic and electric field
environment, also known as the magnetosphere. Because of the low rate, this
data can be packaged and transmitted to Earth almost immediately. This type
of observation is said to be performed in 'real-time'. The survey is
performed continuously for the duration of the encounter and the information
obtained will provide scientists with a context for data gathered at a
higher time resolution (hundreds of bits per second) later in the encounter.
The information will also add to the existing record of orbit-to-orbit of
activity levels within the inner, most active, portions of the
magnetosphere.
The first remote sensing observation of the encounter is performed by the
Ultraviolet Spectrometer (UVS). This observation of Europa will provide data
on Europa's atmosphere. Also obtained on previous orbits, this information
allows scientists to monitor changes in the characteristics of the
atmosphere from orbit to orbit. Large changes in these characteristics could
be indicative of geologic activity on the surface of Europa. A small
observation of Jupiter is performed next by the Near Infrared Mapping
Spectrometer (NIMS). The information gathered by this observation is
designed to study long term changes in the composition and temperature of
Jupiter's atmosphere.
As the spacecraft approaches its point of closest approach to Io for this
orbit, the science instruments turn their attention to this fiery moon. The
UVS instrument performs an atmospheric monitoring observation similar to the
one performed earlier on Europa. This is followed by a series of color
pictures taken by the camera of Io's north and south pole regions. These
pictures will improve the detail of these regions by providing resolutions
of 3 kilometers (1.8 miles) per picture element. The best color resolution
obtained during Galileo's primary mission was 10 kilometers (6.2 miles) per
picture element. Monochrome images as good as 2.5 kilometers (1.5 miles) per
picture element were obtained in the primary mission, but the color in these
new images will be critical to identifying surface materials. The pictures
will also be useful to scientists as they plan observations for the return
to Io at the end of the Galileo Europa Mission.
The photopolarimeter radiometer (PPR) contributes further to the Io data set
for this orbit with an observation designed to characterize the different
temperatures on Io's surface. This is followed by a joint observation of
Io's surface performed by the NIMS instrument and the UVS instrument. The
observation is designed to keep track of any changes due to volcanic
activity.
For more information on the Galileo spacecraft and its mission to Jupiter,
please visit the Galileo home page:
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/
Hа сегодня все, пока!
=SANA=
Дата: 30 марта 1998 (1998-03-30)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Today On Galileo - March 29, 1998
Привет всем!
Вот, свалилось из Internet...
TODAY ON GALILEO
Sunday, March 29, 1998
The spacecraft continues to make its way through the Jupiter system for the
14th time since June 1996. Science information has been collected on 11 of
the previous 13 orbits, 11 of which occurred during the Galileo primary
mission. Today's observation schedule is heavily focused on Jupiter's moon
Europa as the spacecraft flies within 1,645 kilometers (1022 miles) of its
surface at 5:21 am, Pacific Time. Later in the day, at 4:09 pm, the
spacecraft will pass the point of closest approach to Ganymede at a distance
from the surface of 918,000 kilometers (571,000 miles).
Many different areas of scientific interest on Europa are covered by today's
observing activities. The radio science team, for 20 hours surrounding the
point of closest approach, measures changes in Galileo's radio frequency due
to Europa's gravitational pull on the spacecraft. By using the Doppler
effect, the radio science team will be able to use these measurements to
refine the map of the gravity field produced by Europa. Also tied to closest
approach, the fields and particles instruments will perform a high
time-resolution observation, for just under an hour, of Jupiter's magnetic
and electric field environment in the region of space near Europa. This will
add to the scientific knowledge of the interaction between Europa and the
magnetosphere.
The photopolarimeter radiometer performs three observations of Europa today.
Together they are designed to determine the temperature variation across
Europa's surface and how it relates to different surface ages, how the
surface might have been put together, or the different materials on the
surface. Two of these observations are performed at better resolutions than
was possible during Galileo's primary mission. The resolution of the third
is comparable. Three other global scale observations are performed during
the day -- one by the spacecraft's camera, or solid-state imaging (SSI)
subsystem, and two by the Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS).
Among the specific regions of Europa that Galileo looks at today, we start
with a region characterized by rifts or crevasses in Europa's surface
observed by NIMS together with the Ultraviolet Spectrometer (UVS). This is
followed by a couple of observations of the Mannann'an crater region
performed by the SSI instrument. The pair of images is designed to provide
stereo coverage of this region. A region of dark spots is also observed
twice by the camera. These two images will also result in stereo coverage of
this region, which also lies within regional data obtained during its orbit
in November 1997. In addition, a transition from a dark spot region to a
region of pull-apart wedge shapes is observed by NIMS and is accompanied by
the UVS instrument.
Later in the day, a region of triple-bands is observed by all three
instruments (SSI, NIMS, UVS). Remember that triple-bands are believed to be
formed when Europa's surface cracks, material upwells from below the surface
and spills to both sides of the central crack. Coverage of this region is
planned to be obtained during the the Europa orbit in February 1999. A
transition region between bright plains, pull-apart wedges and dark material
is also observed by all three instruments.
A high-resolution picture of the Tyre Macula region is obtained by the SSI
instrument. This region was observed at a lower resolution in the primary
mission's Ganymede orbit in April 1997, and an observation is planned at
even higher resolution during the Europa encounter this coming May. The SSI
instrument also performs a photometry observation of the surface of Europa.
These photometric measurements will tell us how intensely light is reflected
from the surface and provide more information on its makeup.
Two non-Europa observations are performed today. The first is a global color
image of Ganymede performed by the SSI instrument. This image will provide
data on the radius, shape, color, and photometry of Ganymede as well as the
mobility of frost on its surface. Also observed by SSI is Io while eclipsed
from the sun by Jupiter. These eclipse images are considered one of the best
ways to discover new lava flows, monitor lava temperatures, and study the
interaction between volcanic plumes, Io's atmosphere and Jupiter's
magnetosphere.
For more information on the Galileo spacecraft and its mission to Jupiter,
please visit the Galileo home page:
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/
Hа сегодня все, пока!
=SANA=
Дата: 30 марта 1998 (1998-03-30)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Space Calendar - March 28, 1998 [1/5]
Привет всем!
Вот, свалилось из Internet...
Welcome to the Space Calendar!
This Space Calendar covers space-related activities and anniversaries
for the upcoming year. It is also available on the World Wide Web at:
http://newproducts.jpl.nasa.gov/calendar/
The WWW version of the Space Calendar includes over 850 links to related
home pages.
This calendar is compiled and maintained by Ron Baalke. Please send any
updates or corrections to baalke@kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov. Note that launch dates
are subject to change at any time. Also, note that anniversary dates are
listed in 5 year increments only.
The following people have contributed to this month's calendar:
Andrew Yee, Joao Clerigo, Philippe Berthe, Chen Lan, F. Cerarca
=========================
SPACE CALENDAR
March 28, 1998
=========================
* indicates changes from last month's calendar.
March 1998
Mar 29 - Galileo, Europa 14 Flyby
Mar 29 - Moon Occults Saturn
Mar 30 - Asteroid 1997 WT22 Near-Earth Flyby (0.277 AU)
Mar 31 - Mercury Passes 3.8 Degrees From Mars
Mar 31 - Asteroid 5145 Pholus at Opposition (12.128 AU - 18.2 Magnitude)
Mar 31 - 20th Anniversary (1978), Cosmos 1000 Launch (Soviet Union)
April 1998
* Apr 01 - TRACE Pegasus XL Launch
* Apr 01 - Mir Spacewalk
Apr 01 - NEAR, Thruster Calibration (CAL-2)
Apr 02 - Galileo, Orbital Trim Maneuver #45 (OTM-45)
Apr 02 - Mars Passes 1.9 Degrees From Saturn
* Apr 02 - Asteroid 1998 FX2 Near-Earth Flyby (0.097 AU)
* Apr 02 - Asteroid 1993 BX3 Near-Earth Flyby (0.381 AU)
Apr 04 - 15th Anniversary (1983), STS-6 Launch (Challenger), TDRS-1,
1st Launch of Challenger
Apr 04 - 30th Anniversary (1968), Apollo 6 Launch
Apr 05 - Daylight Savings - Set Clock Ahead 1 Hour (North America)
Apr 05 - Asteroid 23 Thalia Occults TAC +311855 (10.4 Magnitude Star)
Apr 05 - Kuiper Belt Object 1993 FW at Opposition (41.002 AU - 23.2
Magnitude)
Apr 05 - Kuiper Belt Object 1995 HM5 at Opposition (31.271 AU - 23.1
Magntude)
Apr 06 - 25th Anniversary (1973), Pioneer 11 Launch (Jupiter/Saturn
Flyby Mission)
Apr 07 - 30th Anniversary (1968), Luna 14 Launch (Soviet Moon Orbiter)
* Apr 08 - Cassini, Trajectory Correction Maneuver #3 (TCM-3)
Apr 08 - Asteroid 1995 DW2 at Opposition (17.973 AU - 21.7 Magnitude)
Apr 08 - 5th Anniversary (1993), STS-56 Launch (Discovery), Atlas-2 Spacelab
Apr 10 - Asteroid 7413 (1990 SH28) Occults Regulus (1.3 Magnitude Star)
Apr 11 - Comet Harrington-Wilson Perihelion (1.889 AU)
Apr 12 - Easter Sunday
* Apr 12 - Asteroid 1998 EP4 Near-Earth Flyby (0.065 AU)
* Apr 13 - Asteroid 1998 FF2 Near-Earth Flyby (0.396 AU)
Apr 14 - Kuiper Belt Object 1994 EV3 at Opposition (43.692 AU - 23.5
Magnitude)
Apr 14 - 10th Anniversary (1988), Foton 1 Launch (USSR - Material Processing
Satellite)
Apr 16 - STS-90 Launch, Columbia, Neurolab
Apr 16 - Comet 1997 G2 (Montani) Perihelion (3.084 AU)
* Apr 16 - Asteroid 1992 SL Closest Approach to Earth (1.033 AU)
Apr 17 - Ulysses At Jupiter's Orbit
Apr 17 - Comet Peters-Hartley Closest Approach to Earth (1.390 AU)
Apr 19 - Comet Tsuchinshan 1 Perihelion (1.496 AU)
Apr 20 - Lyrids Meteor Shower Peak
Apr 20 - Asteroid 2941 Alden Closest Approach to Earth (1.276 AU)
Apr 20 - Asteroid 887 Alinda Closest Approach to Earth (1.567 AU)
Apr 22 - Venus Passes 0.3 Degrees From Jupiter
Apr 22 - Asteroid 1991 CB1 Near-Earth Flyby (0.299 AU)
Apr 23 - Moon Occults Venus
Apr 23 - Moon Occults Jupiter
Apr 23 - Asteroid 433 Eros Closest Approach To Earth (0.502 AU)
Apr 24 - Moon Occults Mercury
Apr 24 - Asteroid 25 Phocaea at Opposition (10.1 Magnitude)
Apr 24 - Asteroid 5653 (1992 WD5) Closest Approach to Earth (0.682 AU)
Apr 24 - Asteroid 2368 Beltrovata Closest Approach to Earth (1.372 AU)
Apr 26 - Cassini, 1st Venus Flyby
Apr 26 - Kuiper Belt Object 1994 JQ1 at Opposition (41.980 AU - 23.3
Magnitude)
Apr 26 - 5th Anniversary (1993), Discovery of Asteroid 7066 Nessus by
Spacewatch
Apr 26 - 5th Anniversary (1993), STS-55 Launch (Columbia), Spacelab D2
Apr 26 - 150th Anniversary (1848), Graham's Discovery of Asteroid 9 Metis
Apr 27-May 03 - Astronomy Week
Apr 28 - Islamic New Year
* Apr 28 - Nilesat-1/BSAT-1B Ariane 4 Launch
Apr 28 - Asteroid 1243 Pamela Occults SAO 162175 (8.2 Magnitude Star)
Apr 28 - Eugene Shoemaker's 70th Birthday (1928)
Apr 29 - Asteroid 191 Kolga Occults SAO 95322 (8.0 Magnitude Star)
* Apr 30 - ORBCOMM-2 Pegasus XL Launch
* Apr 30 - Iridium 3 Long March 2C/SD Launch
Apr 30 - Galileo, Orbital Trim Maneuver #46 (OTM-46)
Apr 30 - Asteroid 32 Pomona at Opposition (10.2 Magnitude)
Apr 30 - Asteroid 216 Kleopatra Occults GSC 56961723 (10.8 Magnitude Star)
Hа сегодня все, пока!
=SANA=
Дата: 30 марта 1998 (1998-03-30)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Space Calendar - March 28, 1998 [2/5]
Привет всем!
Вот, свалилось из Internet...
May 1998
May ?? - Mars Global Surveyor, Aerobraking Phase 1 Ends
May ?? - Sinosat 1 Long March 3B Launch
* May ?? - Ziyuan-1 Long March 4A Launch (China)
May 01 - Comet Klemola Perihelion (1.755 AU)
May 02 - Astronomy Day
* May 02 - Chinastar-1 Long March 3B Launch (China)
May 02 - Comet Denning Near-Jupiter Flyby (0.3389 AU)
May 03 - 2060 Chiron at Oppositon (7.937 AU - 15.9 Magnitude)
May 04 - Mercury at Greatest Western Elongation (26.5 Degrees)
May 05 - ORBCOMM-3 Pegasus XL Launch
* May 05 - Globalstar-2 Delta 2 Launch
May 05 - Eta Aquarids Meteor Shower Peak
May 05 - Comet Barnard 3 Perihelion (Lost Comet)
May 05 - Asteroid 7088 Ishtar Closest Approach to Earth (1.349 AU)
May 05 - Asteroid 8405 (1995 GO) Closest Approach to Earth (9.147 AU - 19.0
Magnitude)
May 07 - Asteroid 1992 TB Near-Earth Flyby (0.384 AU)
May 08 - DOD US Air Force Titan 4B Launch
May 09 - Asteroid 16 Psyche at Opposition (10.4 Magnitude)
* May 09 - Asteroid 4487 Pocahontas Closest Approch to Earth (1.121 AU)
May 12 - Mercury Passes 0.8 Degrees From Saturn
May 12 - Asteroid 3103 Eger Closest Approach to Earth (1.713 AU)
May 13 - NOAA-K Titan 2 Launch
May 13 - Asteroid 25 Phocaea Occults SAO 139602 (8.3 Magnitude Star)
* May 13 - Asteroid 664 Judith Closest Approach to Earth (1.598 AU)
May 13 - Asteroid 3758 Karttunen Closest Approach to Earth (1.624 AU)
* May 14 - Cassini, Trajectory Correction Maneuver #4 (TCM-4)
May 14 - Comet Howell Closest Approach to Earth (1.065 AU)
May 14 - 25th Anniversary (1973), Skylab Launch
May 15 - 35th Anniversary (1963), Faith 7 Launch (Gordon Cooper)
May 20 - NEAR, Trajectory Correction Maneuver #13 (TCM-13)
* May 20 - IKONOS-1 Athena Launch
May 20 - Moon Occults Jupiter
May 20 - 20th Anniversary (1978), Pioneer Venus Orbiter Launch
May 21 - Space Day
May 21 - Comet 1997 G2 (Montani) Closest Approach to Earth (2.870 AU)
May 21 - Asteroid 1994 JF1 Closest Approach To Earth (0.581 AU)
* May 21 - Asteroid 1990 VB Closest Approach to Earth (1.767 AU)
May 25 - Asteroid 1997 US9 Near-Earth Flyby (0.283 AU)
May 25 - 25th Anniversary (1973), Skylab 2 Launch
* May 26 - ST-1 Ariane 4 Launch
May 26 - 15th Anniversary (1983), Exosat Launch (ESA X-Ray Observatory)
May 27 - Asteroid 1917 Cuyo Closest Approach to Earth (1.827 AU)
May 27 - Kuiper Belt Object 1994 JS at Opposition (34.301 AU - 23.4
Magnitude)
May 28 - STS-91 Launch, Discovery, 9th Shuttle-Mir Docking
May 28 - Galileo, Orbital Trim Maneuver #47 (OTM-47)
May 28 - Venus Passes 0.3 Degrees From Saturn
May 28 - Asteroid 1995 UO5 Closest Approach to Earth (0.415 AU)
* May 29 - Asteroid 7025 (1993 QA) Closest Approach to Earth (0.832 AU)
May 29 - Asteroid 1994 VR6 Closest Approach to Earth (1.392 AU)
May 29 - Asteroid 2430 Bruce Helin Closest Approach to Earth (1.455 AU)
May 30 - Asteroid 1997 UF9 Near-Earth Flyby (0.385 AU)
May 30-31 - Jet Propulsion Lab Open House, Pasadena, California
May 31 - Galileo, Europa 15 Flyby
June 1998
Jun ?? - SCD-2 Pegasus XL Launch
Jun ?? - Iridium 9 Delta 2 Launch
Jun 01 - Asteroid 2063 Bacchus Closest Approach to Earth (1.307 AU)
Jun 02 - Kuiper Belt Object 1994 JR1 at Opposition (33.748 AU - 22.9
Magnitude)
Jun 02 - 15th Anniversary (1983), Venera 15 Launch (Soviet Venus Orbiter)
Jun 04 - Galileo, Orbital Trim Maneuver #48 (OTM-48)
Jun 04 - Asteroid 5066 Garradd Closest Approach to Earth (0.839 AU)
Jun 04 - Asteroid 1995 YV3 Closest Approach to Earth (2.840 AU - 19.7
Magnitude)
Jun 05 - Mercury Passes 0.3 Degrees From Mars
Jun 06 - Asteroid 6 Hebe at Opposition (9.4 Magnitude)
* Jun 06 - Asteroid 1994 PN Closest Approach to Earth (1.194 AU)
Jun 07 - 15th Anniversary (1983), Venera 16 Launch (Soviet Venus Orbiter)
* Jun 08 - Asteroid 1993 BW2 Closest Approach to Earth (0.809 AU)
Jun 08 - Kuiper Belt Object 1996 KV1 at Opposition (40.176 AU - 23.1
Magnitude)
* Jun 09 - Thor 3 Delta 2 Launch
Jun 09 - Asteroid 4183 Cuno Near-Earth Flyby (0.2079 AU)
Jun 09 - Mercury at Perihelion
Jun 10 - 25th Anniversary (1973), Explorer 49 Launch (Moon Orbiter)
* Jun 11 - Asteroid 5370 Taranis Closest Approach To Earth (1.450 AU)
* Jun 12 - Intelsat 805 Atlas IIAS Launch
Jun 14 - Asteroid 18 Melpomene at Opposition (9.6 Magnitude)
Jun 15 - Asteroid 211 Isolda Occults PPM 195267 (9.5 Magnitude Star)
Jun 15 - 10th Anniversary (1988), First Flight of the Ariane-4 Rocket
Jun 16 - 35th Anniversary (1963), Vostok 6 Launch (1st Woman in Space)
Jun 17 - Moon Occults Jupiter
Jun 17 - Asteroid 1994 AH2 Near-Earth Flyby (0.1930 AU)
Jun 17 - Mercury Occults 78331 (6.5 Magnitude Star)
Jun 18 - Asteroid 59 Elpis Occults PPM 203414 (9.6 Magnitude Star)
Jun 18 - 15th Anniversary (1983), STS-7 Launch (Challenger), Anik C2,
Palapa B1, 1st American Woman In Space (Sally Ride)
Jun 20 - FGB (Functional Cargo Block) Proton-K Launch (Element
of the International Space Station)
Jun 20 - Asteroid 72 Feronia at Opposition (11.0 Magnitude)
Jun 21 - Summer Solstice, 14:03 UT
Jun 21 - 5th Anniversary (1993), STS-57 Launch (Endeavour), Spacehab-1,
EURECA
* Jun 22 - Galaxy 10 Delta 3 Launch
Jun 22 - Asteroid 1995 LG Closest Approach to Earth (0.909 AU)
Jun 22 - 20th Anniversary (1978), Discovery of Charon (Pluto's Moon)
* Jun 23 - Asteroid 1290 Albertine Closest Approach to Earth (1.487 AU)
Jun 25 - Galileo, Orbital Trim Maneuver #49 (OTM-49)
Jun 25 - Asteroid 92 Undina at Opposition (10.7 Magnitude)
Jun 26 - Mars Occults 77221 (8.0 Magnitude Star)
Jun 27 - 20th Anniversary (1978), Seasat 1 Launch
Jun 29 - George Hale's 130th Birthday (1868)
Jun 30 - Asteroid 1990 HA Closest Approach to Earth (1.478 AU)
Jun 30 - 90th Anniversary (1908), Tunguska Explosion
July 1998
* Jul ?? - Celestis-03 Pegasus XL Launch
Jul 04 - Earth at Aphelion (1.017 AU From Sun)
Jul 04 - Henrietta Leavitt's 130th Birthday (1868)
Jul 05 - Asteroid 4953 (1990 MU) Closest Approach to Earth (0.615 AU)
Jul 05 - Asteroid 1992 JB Closest Approach to Earth (0.872 AU)
Jul 09 - STS-88 Launch, Endeavour, 1st Space Station Assembly Flight
Jul 09 - Asteroid 1862 Apollo Near-Earth Flyby (0.339 AU)
Jul 10 - Asteroid 7 Iris at Opposition (8.6 Magnitude)
Jul 12 - Comet Arend-Rigaux Perihelion (1.371 AU)
Jul 12 - 10th Anniversary (1988), Phobos 2 Launch (Soviet Mars Orbiter)
Jul 14 - Moon Occults Jupiter
Jul 15 - Asteroid 1993 PB Closest Approach to Earth (0.590 AU)
* Jul 15 - Asteroid 3551 Verenia Closest Approach to Earth (0.794 AU)
Jul 16 - GPS IIR-3 Delta 2 Launch
Jul 16 - Comet Arend-Rigaux Closest Approach to Earth (2.354 AU)
Jul 17 - Mercury at Greatest Eastern Elongation (27 Degrees)
Jul 17 - Asteroid 432 Pythia at Opposition (10.9 Magnitude)
Jul 17 - Comet Russell 3 Closest Approach to Earth (1.941 AU)
Jul 18 - Galileo, Orbital Trim Maneuver #50 (OTM-50)
Jul 20 - Asteroid 43 Ariadne at Opposition (9.1 Magnitude)
* Jul 20 - Comet Shoemaker 1 Closest Approach to Earth (1.897 AU)
Jul 21 - Galileo, Europa 16 Flyby
* Jul 21 - Deep Space 1 Delta Launch (Asteroid/Mars/Comet Flyby Mission)
* Jul 21 - Eutelsat W1/Sirius-3 Ariane 4 Launch
Jul 21 - Asteroid 59 Elpis Occults TAC -106880 (11.1 Magnitude)
Jul 21 - 25th Anniversary (1973), Mars 4 Launch (USSR Mars Flyby Mission)
Jul 25 - Galileo, Orbital Trim Maneuver #51 (OTM-51)
Jul 25 - DOD US Air Force Titan 4 Launch
* Jul 25 - Asteroid 3553 Mera Closest Approach to Earth (1.407 AU)
Jul 25 - 25th Anniversary (1973), Mars 5 Launch (USSR Mars Orbiter Mission)
Jul 26 - 35th Anniversary (1963), Syncom 2 Launch, 1st Geosynchronous
Satellite
Jul 28 - 25th Anniversary (1973), Skylab-3 Launch
Jul 29 - JCSat 6 Atlas IIAS Launch
Jul 29 - South Delta-Aquarids Meteor Shower Peak
Hа сегодня все, пока!
=SANA=
Дата: 30 марта 1998 (1998-03-30)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Space Calendar - March 28, 1998 [3/5]
Привет всем!
Вот, свалилось из Internet...
August 1998
Aug ?? - Iridium 10 Delta 2 Launch
Aug ?? - Sky One Atlas IIAS Launch
Aug 01 - Alpha Capricornids Meteor Shower Peak
Aug 01 - Asteroid 980 Anacostia at Opposition (10.7 Magnitude)
* Aug 01 - Asteroid 1474 Beira Closest Approach to Earth (1.788 AU)
Aug 01 - Maria Mitchell's 180th Birthday (1818)
Aug 02 - Asteroid 29 Amphitrite at Opposition (9.2 Magnitude)
Aug 02 - Asteroid 490 Veritas Occults TAC -214637 (11.2 Magnitude Star)
* Aug 02 - Asteroid 1993 OZ2 Closest Approach to Earth (1.096 AU)
Aug 03 - Asteroid 13 Egeria at Opposition (10.9 Magnitude)
Aug 04 - Venus Passes 0.8 Degrees From Mars
Aug 04 - Asteroid 7341 (1991 VK) Closest Approach to Earth (1.638 AU)
Aug 05 - Terriers/Mublcom Pegasus XL Launch
Aug 05 - 25th Anniversary (1973), Mars 6 Launch (USSR)
Aug 06 - Planet B Launch (Japan Mars Mission)
Aug 06 - Southern Iota Aquarids Meteor Shower Peak
* Aug 06 - Asteroid 1998 EC3 Closest Approach to Earth (0.455 AU)
Aug 07 - Asteroid 1997 GZ3 Closest Approach to Earth (1.500 AU)
Aug 08 - 20th Anniversary (1978), Pioneer Venus 2 Launch (Venus Atmospheric
Probes)
Aug 09 - Asteroid 71 Niobe at Opposition (10.6 Magnitude)
Aug 09 - 25th Anniversary (1973), Mars 7 Launch (USSR)
Aug 10 - Venus Occults 79782 (6.9 Magnitude Star)
Aug 10 - Asteroid 4886 (1981 EZ14) Closest Approach to Earth (2.113 AU)
Aug 11 - Moon Occults Jupiter
Aug 11 - Comet Peters-Hartley Perihelion (1.624 AU)
Aug 12 - Perseids Meteor Shower Peak
Aug 12 - 20th Anniversary (1978), ISEE-3/ICE Launch (Comet Mission)
Aug 14 - Asteroid 576 Emanuela Occults TAC +115897 (10.2 Magnitude Star)
Aug 15 - Comet C/1997 J2 Meunier-Dupouy Closest Approach to Earth (2.494 AU)
* Aug 17 - Comet Mueller 3 Closest Approach to Earth (2.209 AU)
Aug 18 - 5th Anniversary (1993), 1st Test Flight of the Delta Clipper (DC-X)
Aug 19 - Asteroid 1987 OA Near-Earth Flyby (0.1019 AU)
* Aug 19 - Asteroid 3199 Nefertiti Closest Approach to Earth (0.916 AU)
Aug 19 - Asteroid 7350 (1993 VA) Closest Approach to Earth (1.414 AU)
Aug 21 - Asteroid 469 Argentina Occults SAO 210535 (9.1 Magnitude Star)
Aug 22 - Annular Eclipse, Visible From Indian Ocean
Aug 23 - Galileo, Orbital Trim Maneuver #52 (OTM-52)
Aug 24 - Asteroid 354 Eleonora at Opposition (10.7 Magnitude)
Aug 25 - Comet Shoemaker-Levy 7 Perihelion (1.697 AU)
Aug 25 - Comet Russell 1 Perihelion (2.182 AU)
Aug 25 - Northern Iota Aquarids Meteor Shower Peak
* Aug 26 - Panamsat-7 Ariane 4 Launch
Aug 27 - Mercury Passes 2.2 Degrees From Venus
Aug 28 - Asteroid 1036 Ganymed Occults TAC +541187 (9.9 Magnitude Star)
Aug 28 - 5th Anniversary (1993), Galileo Flyby of Ida
Aug 30 - Venus Occults 98676 (8.0 Magnitude Star)
Aug 30 - 15th Anniversary (1983), STS-8 Launch (Challenger), Insat 1B
Aug 31 - Mercury at Greatest Western Elongation (18 Degrees)
September 1998
Sep ?? - Afristar Ariane 4 Launch
Sep ?? - Skynet 4E Ariane 4 Launch
Sep ?? - CRSS-2 Athena 2 Launch
Sep ?? - JawSat Minuteman II Launch
Sep 05 - Mercury at Perihelion
Sep 06 - Kuiper Belt Object 1996 RR20 at Opposition (42.449 AU - 23.4
Magnitude)
Sep 06 - 10th Anniversary (1988), 1st Launch of the CZ-4 Launcher (China)
Sep 07 - Moon Occults Jupiter
Sep 07 - Venus at Perihelion
Sep 07 - Kuiper Belt Object 1997 RT5 at Opposition (41.272 AU - 23.2
Magnitude)
Sep 07 - Kuiper Belt Object 1997 RX9 at Opposition (40.912 AU - 24.2
Magnitude)
Sep 09 - Asteroid 45 Eugenia Occults GSC 12820410 (10.9 Magnitude Star)
Sep 09 - 20th Anniversary (1978), Venera 11 Launch (Soviet Venus Lander)
Sep 10 - Asteroid 804 Hispania at Opposition (10.6 Magnitude)
Sep 10 - Asteroid 1036 Ganymed Occults TAC +491415 (10. Magnitude Star)
Sep 10 - Kuiper Belt Object 1995 QY9 at Opposition (28.506 AU - 21.6
Magnitude)
* Sep 11 - ARD/Hot Bird 5 Ariane-503 Launch
Sep 11 - Mercury Passes 0.3 Degrees From Venus
Sep 12 - 5th Anniversary (1993), STS-51 Launch (Discovery), ACTS
Sep 14 - GPS IIR-4 Delta 2 Launch
Sep 14 - Mercury Occults 118535 (7.8 Magnitude Star)
Sep 14 - 30th Anniversary (1968), Zond 5 Launch (Soviet Moon Mission)
Sep 14 - 20th Anniversary (1978), Venera 12 Launch (Soviet Venus Lander)
Sep 16 - Jupiter at Opposition
Sep 15 - Wide Field Infrared Explorer (WIRE) Pegasus XL Launch
* Sep 15 - EOS-1 Atlas IIAS Launch
Sep 16 - Asteroid 2 Pallas at Opposition (8.2 Magnitude)
Sep 18 - Asteroid 1991 RB Near-Earth Flyby (0.0401 AU)
Sep 19 - Moon Occults Venus
Sep 19 - Kuiper Belt Object 1997 QH4 at Opposition (40.320 AU - 22.6
Magnitude)
Sep 19 - 10th Anniversary (1988), Offeq-1 Launch, 1st Israeli Space Launch
Sep 19 - 150th Anniversary (1848), William Bond's Discovery of Saturn Moon
Hyperion
Sep 20 - Moon Occults Mercury
* Sep 20 - Asteroid 1998 FL3 Near-Earth Flyby (0.050 AU)
Sep 20 - Asteroid 5786 Talos Closest Approach to Earth (0.943 AU)
Sep 20 - Kuiper Belt Object 1997 QJ4 at Opposition (33.804 AU - 22.9
Magnitude)
Sep 20 - 5th Anniversary (1993), 1st Launch of Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle
(PSLV - India)
Sep 22 - Kuiper Belt Object 1997 TX8 at Opposition (31.047 AU - 23.1
Magnitude)
Sep 22 - Kuiper Belt Object 1996 TO66 at Opposition (44.834 AU - 20.6
Magnitude)
Sep 23 - Galileo, Orbital Trim Maneuver #53 (OTM-53)
Sep 23 - Autumnal Equinox, 05:37 UT
Sep 23 - Kuiper Belt Object 1993 RO at Opposition (30.492 AU - 22.9
Magnitude)
Sep 25 - Kuiper Belt Object 1994 TB at Opposition (29.128 AU - 21.8
Magnitude)
Sep 26 - Galileo, Europa 17 Flyby
Sep 26 - 5th Anniversary (1993), Posat 1 Launch, 1st Portuguese Satellite
Sep 26 - 15th Anniversary (1983), Soviet Soyuz T-10A Explodes on Launch Pad,
Cosmonauts Save By Launch Escape System
Sep 27 - Comet Howell Perihelion (1.406 AU)
Sep 29 - Asteroid 521 Brixia at Opposition (11.0 Magnitude)
Sep 29 - Kuiper Belt Object 1993 SC at Opposition (33.640 AU - 22.4
Magnitude)
Sep 29 - Kuiper Belt Object 1996 TK66 at Opposition (41.873 AU - 23.3
Magnitude)
Sep 29 - 10th Anniversary (1988), STS-26 Launch (Discovery), TDRS 3, 1st
Post-Challenger Shuttle Mission
Sep 30 - Galileo, Orbital Trim Maneuver #54 (OTM-54)
Sep 30 - Kuiper Belt Object 1996 TR66 at Opposition (34.448 AU - 23.0
Magnitude)
Hа сегодня все, пока!
=SANA=
Дата: 30 марта 1998 (1998-03-30)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Space Calendar - March 28, 1998 [4/5]
Привет всем!
Вот, свалилось из Internet...
October 1998
* Oct ?? - GE-5 Ariane 4 Launch
Oct 01 - Orion F3 Delta 3 Launch
Oct 01 - Asteroid 236 Honoria at Opposition (10.5 Magnitude)
Oct 01 - Kuiper Belt Object 1992 QB1 at Opposition (39.906 AU - 23.1
Magnitude)
Oct 01 - NASA's 40th Birthday (1958)
Oct 04 - Moon Occults Jupiter
Oct 04 - Asteroid 185 Eunike at Opposition (10.9 Magnitude)
Oct 04 - Asteroid 532 Herculina at Opposition (10.7 Magnitude)
Oct 04 - Kuiper Belt Object 1993 SB at Opposition (30.112 AU - 22.9
Magnitude)
Oct 05 - Asteroid 14 Irene at Opposition (10.6 Magnitude)
Oct 06 - Kuiper Belt Object 1996 RQ20 at Opposition (38.550 AU - 22.9
Magnitude)
Oct 07 - Kuiper Belt Object 1997 SZ10 at Opposition (30.617 AU - 23.5
Magnitude)
Oct 07 - Kuiper Belt Object 1995 QZ9 at Opposition (33.987 AU - 22.9
Magnitude)
Oct 08 - Ejnar Hertzsprung's 125th Birthday (1873)
Oct 09 - Draconids Meteor Shower Peak
Oct 09 - Kuiper Belt Object 1996 SZ4 at Opposition (29.285 AU - 22.7
Magnitude)
Oct 10 - Comet McNaught-Hughes Closest Approach to Earth (1.707 AU)
Oct 10 - 15th Anniversary (1983), Venera 15 Venus Orbit Insertion
Oct 11 - 30th Anniversary (1968), Apollo 7 Launch
Oct 11 - Wilhelm Olbers' 240th Birthday (1758)
Oct 13 - British Interplanetary Society's 65th Birthday (1933)
Oct 14 - Comet Lovas 1 Perihelion (1.69 AU)
Oct 14 - Asteroid 1036 Ganymed Closest Approach to Earth (0.464 AU)
Oct 14 - 15th Anniversary (1983), Venera 16 Venus Orbit Insertion
Oct 15 - Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) Launch
Oct 16 - Moon Occults Mars
Oct 16 - Comet Klemola Closest Approach to Earth (1.522 AU)
Oct 17 - Asteroid 44 Nysa at Opposition (9.8 Magnitude)
Oct 18 - 5th Anniversary (1993), STS-58 Launch
Oct 20 - Kuiper Belt Object 1996 TP66 at Opposition (25.403 AU - 20.7
Magnitude)
Oct 21 - Orionid Meteor Shower Peak
Oct 22 - Asteroid 409 Aspasia Occults SAO 75073 (9.9 Magnitude Star)
Oct 22 - Kuiper Belt Object 1996 TQ66 at Opposition (33.604 AU - 21.9
Magnitude)
Oct 23 - Saturn at Opposition
Oct 24 - Galileo, Orbital Trim Maneuver #55 (OTM-55)
Oct 25 - Daylight Savings - Set Clock Back 1 Hour (USA)
Oct 25 - Asteroid 106 Dione at Opposition (10.7 Magnitude)
Oct 26 - Asteroid 20 Massalia at Opposition (8.8 Magnitude)
Oct 26 - Asteroid 674 Rachele at Opposition (11.0 Magnitude)
Oct 27 - 25th Anniversary (1973), Canon City Meteorite Fall (Hit Garage)
Oct 28 - Asteroid 7358 (1995 YA3) Closest Approach to Earth (0.438 AU)
Oct 28 - Asteroid 1508 Kemi Closest Approach to Earth (1.201 AU)
Oct 29 - STS-95 Launch, Endeavour, Spacehab-SM
Oct 29 - Asteroid 1994 TA Closest Approach to Earth (15.923 AU - 23.7
Magnitude)
Oct 30 - Kuiper Belt Object 1996 TL66 at Opposition (34.099 AU - 20.4
Magnitude)
Oct 31 - Moon Occults Jupiter
Oct 31 - Asteroid 6 Hebe Occults GSC 6255-1346 (9.2 Magnitude Star)
November 1998
Nov ?? - Mars Global Surveyor, Aerobraking Phase 2 Begins
Nov ?? - Quickscat (Quick Scattermoter) Titan II Launch
Nov 01 - TSX-5 Launch
Nov 01 - Asteroid 102 Miriam Occults SAO 164159 (8.7 Magnitude Star)
Nov 01 - Asteroid 576 Emanuela Occults TAC +096711 (10.4 Magnitude Star)
Nov 01 - Kuiper Belt Object 1996 TS66 at Opposition (37.825 AU - 21.9 Mag)
Nov 01 - 35th Anniversary (1963), Polyot 1 Launch (USSR), 1st Spacecraft With
Extensive Maneuver Capability
Nov 03 - Taurids Meteor Shower Peak
Nov 03 - 25th Anniversary (1973), Mariner 10 Launch (Venus/Mercury Flyby
Mission)
Nov 05 - Asteroid 15 Eunomia at Opposition (7.9 Magnitude)
Nov 07 - Comet Takamizawa Perihelion (1.585 AU)
Nov 08 - Asteroid 51 Nemausa at Opposition (10.7 Magnitude)
* Nov 08 - Asteroid 4055 Magellan Closest Approach to Earth (0.983 AU)
Nov 08 - 30th Anniversary (1968), Pioneer 9 Launch
Nov 09 - Asteroid 69 Hesperia at Opposition (10.8 Magnitude)
Nov 09 - Mercury Occults 184412 (7.8 Magnitude Star)
Nov 10 - Asteroid 46 Hestia at Opposition (10.7 Magnitude)
Nov 10 - 30th Anniversary (1968), Zond 6 Launch (Soviet Moon Flyby Mission)
Nov 11 - Mercury Greatest Eastern Elongation (22 Degrees)
* Nov 12 - Argos/Orsted/Sunsat Delta 2 Launch
Nov 13 - Moon Occults Mars
Nov 13 - Asteroid 145 Adeona Occults PPM 736551 (10.9 Magnitude Star)
* Nov 13 - 20th Anniversary (1978), HEAO 2 Launch (Einstein X-Ray Observatory)
Nov 15 - 10th Anniversary (1988), 1st & Only Buran Launch (Soviet Space
Shuttle)
Nov 15 - William Herschell's 260th Birthday (1738)
Nov 16 - 25th Anniversary (1973), Skylab-4 Launch
Nov 17 - Leonids Meteor Shower Peak (Potential Meteor Storm)
Nov 18 - Asteroid 270 Anahita at Opposition (10.7 Magnitude)
Nov 19 - Galileo, Orbital Trim Maneuver #56 (OTM-56)
Nov 19 - Bonum Delta 2 Launch
Nov 19 - Comet Kowal-Vavorva Perihelion (2.575 AU)
Nov 20 - Asteroid 532 Herculina Occults PPM 709785 (9.8 Magnitude Star)
Nov 21 - Comet Giacobini-Zinner Perihelion (1.034 AU)
Nov 21 - Asteroid 45 Eugenia Occults SAO 94447 (8.4 Magnitude Star)
Nov 22 - Galileo, Europa 18 Flyby
Nov 23 - Asteroid 3753 (1986 TO) Near-Earth Flyby (0.313 AU)
Nov 24 - ICO Atlas 2 Launch
Nov 24 - Asteroid 1865 Cerberus Near-Earth Flyby (0.1634 AU)
Nov 25 - Asteroid FG3 Near-Earth Flyby (0.0384 AU)
Nov 26 - Galileo, Orbital Trim Maneuver #57 (OTM-57)
Nov 26 - Asteroid 5 Astraea at Opposition (9.8 Magnitude)
Nov 28 - Moon Occults Jupiter
Nov 28 - Mercury Passes 0.25 Degrees From Venus
Nov 28 - Asteroid 42 Isis at Opposition (10.6 Magnitude)
Nov 28 - Asteroid 1989 UR Near-Earth Flyby (0.058 AU)
Nov 28 - Kuiper Belt Object 1994 VK8 at Opposition (42.519 AU
- 22.9 Magnitude)
* Nov 28 - 15th Anniversary (1983), STS-9 Launch (Columbia), 1st Flight
of Spacelab (ESA)
Nov 29 - Asteroid 1 Ceres at Opposition (7.0 Magnitude)
December 1998
Dec ?? - ROCSAT Athena 1 Launch
* Dec ?? - Landsat 7 Delta 2 Launch
Dec 02 - Kuiper Belt Object YY3 at Opposition (29.786 AU - 23.3 Magnitude)
Dec 02 - Mercury at Perihelion
* Dec 02 - 10th Anniversary (1988), STS-27 Launch (Atlantis), DOD Classified
Mission
* Dec 02 - 5th Anniversary (1993), STS-61 Launch (Endeavour), 1st Hubble Space
Telescope
Servicing Mission
Dec 03 - STS-93 Launch, Space Shuttle Columbia, AXAF-1
* Dec 03 - Cassini, Deep Space Maneuver (TCM-5)
Dec 04 - Venus Occults 185332 (7.8 Magnitude Star)
Dec 04 - Asteroid 1866 Sisypus Near-Earth Flyby (0.338 AU)
Dec 04 - 20th Anniversary (1978), Pioneer Venus, Venus Orbit Insertion
Dec 05 - 25th Anniversary (1973), Pioneer 10, Jupiter Flyby
Dec 06 - Asteroid 3362 Khufu Near-Earth Flyby (0.364 AU)
Dec 06 - 40th Anniversary (1958), Pioneer 3 Launch (Moon Flyby Mission)
* Dec 07 - Cassini at Aphelion (1.58 AU)
Dec 09 - STS-96 Launch, Endeavour, ISS-2 (Spacehab-DM), Logistics Carrier
Dec 09 - Asteroid 6524 Baalke at Opposition (1.251 AU - 15.0 Magnitude)
Dec 09 - 20th Anniversary (1978), Pioneer Venus 2 Landing on Venus
Dec 10 - Mars Surveyor 98 Orbiter Delta 2 Launch (Mars Orbiter)
Dec 11 - Asteroid 52 Europa at Opposition (10.2 Magnitude)
Dec 11 - Asteroid 245 Vera Occults SAO 77824 (10.2 Magnitude Star)
Dec 11 - Asteroid 3122 Florence Closest Approach to Earth (1.092 AU)
Dec 12 - Kuiper Belt Object 1995 WY2 at Opposition (46.432 AU - 23.7
Magnitude)
Dec 17 - LORAL Atlas 2 Launch
Dec 17 - 95th Anniversary (1903), Wright Brothers' 1st Airplane Flight
Dec 20 - NEAR, Trajectory Correction Maneuver #14 (TCM-14)
Dec 20 - Mercury At Its Greatest Western Elongation (21 Degrees)
* Dec 20 - 1st Day Of Ramadan
Dec 21 - DOD US Air Force Titan 4 Launch
Dec 21 - 20th Anniversary (1978), Venera 12 Venus Flyby/Landing
Dec 21 - 30th Anniversary (1968), Apollo 8 Launch
Dec 22 - Winter Solstice, 01:55 UT
* Dec 22 - Comet Shoemaker-Levy 7 Closest Approach to Earth (1.098 AU)
Dec 22 - Asteroid 245 Vera Occults SAO 77608 (8.8 Magnitude Star)
Dec 24 - Asteroid 49 Pales Occults PPM 206242 (9.5 Magnitude Star)
Dec 25 - Moon Occults Jupiter
Dec 25 - 20th Anniversary (1978), Venera 11 Venus Flyby/Landing
Dec 27 - Galileo, Orbital Trim Maneuver #58 (OTM-58)
Dec 28 - NEAR, Trajectory Correction Maneuver #15 (TCM-15)
Dec 29 - Asteroid 132 Aethra at Opposition (10.9 Magnitude)
Hа сегодня все, пока!
=SANA=
Дата: 30 марта 1998 (1998-03-30)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Space Calendar - March 28, 1998 [5/5]
Привет всем!
Вот, свалилось из Internet...
January 1999
Jan 02 - 40th Anniversary (1959), Luna 1 Launch (1st Moon Mission)
Jan 03 - Mars Surveyor 98 Lander Delta 2 Launch
Jan 03 - NEAR, Trajectory Correction Maneuver #16 (TCM-16)
Jan 03 - Quadrantids Meteor Shower Peak
Jan 04 - Earth at Perihelion (0.983 AU From Sun)
Jan 05 - Venus Passes 1.7 Degrees From Neptune
Jan 05 - 30th Anniversary (1969), Venera 5 Launch (Soviet Venus Lander)
Jan 10 - NEAR, Asteroid Eros Encounter
Jan 10 - 30th Anniversary (1969), Venera 6 Launch (Soviet Venus Lander)
Jan 11 - Comet Tsuchinshan 2 Closest Approach to Earth (0.875 AU)
Jan 12 - NEAR, Asteroid Eros Orbit Insertion
Jan 13 - Venus Passes 0.9 Degrees From Uranus
Jan 13 - Mars Occults 139407 (7.1 Magnitude Star)
Jan 13 - Olin Wilson's 90th Birthday (1909)
Jan 14 - STS-92 Launch, Atlantis, ISS-3 (3-Person Permanent Habitation)
Jan 15 - Kuiper Belt Object 1997 CU29 at Opposition (43.808 AU - 23.0
Magnitude)
Jan 16 - 30th Anniversary (1969), 1st Manned Vehicle Docking & 1st Crew
Exchange
(Soyuz 4 & 5)
Jan 17 - Kuiper Belt Object 1997 CS29 at Opposition (42.620 - 21.4 Magnitude)
Jan 18 - Asteroid 1991 VE Near-Earth Flyby (0.1434 AU)
Jan 20 - Deep Space 1, Asteroid McAuliffe Flyby
Jan 21 - Kuiper Belt Object 1997 CW29 at Opposition (41.495 AU - 22.8
Magnitude)
Jan 25 - SWAS (Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite) Pegasus XL Launch
Jan 25 - 5th Anniversary (1994), Clementine Launch (Moon Orbiter)
* Jan 25 - 35th Anniversary (1963), Echo 2 Launch, 1st Joint US-USSR Program
Jan 27 - Mercury Passes 2.2 Degrees From Neptune
Jan 27 - Comet Harrington-Abell Perihelion (1.758 AU)
Jan 29 - Galileo, Orbital Trim Maneuver #59 (OTM-59)
Jan 29 - 10th Anniversary (1989), Phobos 2 Mars Orbit Insertion
February 1999
Feb 01 - Galileo, Europa 19 Flyby
* Feb 02 - Mercury Passes 1.5 Degrees From Uranus
* Feb 03 - 5th Anniversary (1994), STS-60 Launch (Discovery), 1st Russian
Cosmonaut
on Space Shuttle, Wake Shield Facility
* Feb 03 - 5th Anniversary (1994), Maiden Flight of NASDA H-2 Launch Vehicle
(Japan)
* Feb 03 - 15th Anniversary (1984), STS-41B Launch (Challenger), 1st Untethered
Spacewalk (Manned Maneuvering Unit)
Feb 04 - Kuiper Belt Object 1995 DB2 at Opposition (39.299 AU - 23.5
Magnitude)
Feb 05 - Galileo, Orbital Trim Maneuver #60 (OTM-60)
Feb 05 - Kuiper Belt Object 1995 DA2 at Opposition (33.070 AU - 23.3
Magnitude)
Feb 05 - Kuiper Belt Object 1997 CT29 at Opposition (43.893 AU - 21.5
Magnitude)
Feb 05 - 25th Anniversary (1974), Mariner 10 Venus Flyby
Feb 06 - STARDUST Delta 2 Launch (Comet Sample Return Mission)
Feb 07 - Kuiper Belt Object 1997 CR29 at Opposition (41.011 AU - 22.7
Magnitude)
Feb 08 - Kuiper Belt Object 1997 CV29 at Opposition (39.590 AU - 23.1
Magnitude)
* Feb 08 - 5th Anniversary (1994), Maiden Flight of CZ-3A Launcher (China)
Feb 10 - Pluto Crosses Neptune's Orbit And Becomes the Farthest Planet
From the Sun
Feb 10 - 25th Anniversary (1974), Mars 4 Mars Flyby (Soviet Union)
Feb 12 - 25th Anniversary (1974), Mars 5 Mars Flyby (Soviet Union)
Feb 15 - Galileo Galilei's 435th Birthday (1564)
Feb 16 - Annular Eclipse, Visible From Central Australia
* Feb 16 - Chinese New Year
* Feb 17 - Moon Occults Mercury
* Feb 23 - Venus Passes 0.1 Degrees From Jupiter
* Feb 25 - 30th Anniversary (1969), Mariner 6 Launch (Mars Flyby Mission)
Feb 25 - 50th Anniversary (1949), WAC Corporal Launch
Feb 27 - Kuiper Belt Object 1997 CQ29 at Opposition (40.142 AU - 22.6
Magnitude)
* Feb 28 - Mercury at Perihelion
Feb 28 - Kuiper Belt Object 1995 DC2 at Opposition (40.172 AU - 23.5
Magnitude)
* Feb 28 - 40th Anniversary (1959), Discoverer 1 Launch (1st Polar Orbiter)
March 1999
* Mar ?? - Mars Global Surveyor, Mars Mapping Begins
* Mar ?? - Lunar-A M5 Launch (Japan Moon Mission)
* Mar 03 - Mercury At Its Greatest Eastern Elongation (18 Degrees)
* Mar 03 - 30th Anniversary (1969), Apollo 9 Launch
* Mar 03 - 40th Anniversary (1959), Pioneer 4 Launch (1st US Moon Flyby)
* Mar 05 - Kuiper Belt Object 1994 ES2 at Opposition (44.307 AU - 24.0
Magnitude)
* Mar 05 - 20th Anniversary (1979), Voyager 1 Flyby of Jupiter
* Mar 08 - Comet Tsuchinshan 2 Perihelion (1.770 AU)
* Mar 09 - Comet Skiff-Kosai Perihelion (2.789 AU)
* Mar 09 - 25th Anniversary (1974), Mars 7 Mars Flyby (Soviet Union)
* Mar 12 - 25th Anniversary (1974), Mars 6 Mars Flyby/Landing (Soviet Union)
* Mar 14 - Albert Einstein's 120th Birthday (1879)
* Mar 16 - Comet Shoemaker 1 Perihelion (1.979 AU)
* Mar 18 - Galileo, Orbital Trim Maneuver #61 (OTM-61)
* Mar 18 - Asteroid 1991 TB1 Near-Earth Flyby (0.1632 AU)
* Mar 19 - Venus Passes 2.4 Degrees From Saturn
* Mar 21 - Vernal Equinox, 01:46 UT
* Mar 21 - Comet Mueller 3 Perihelion (3.011 AU)
* Mar 21 - Kuiper Belt Object 1994 GV9 at Opposition (41.230 AU - 23.2
Magnitude)
* Mar 22 - Galileo Enters Solar Conjunction
* Mar 26 - Asteroid 1992 SK Near-Earth Flyby (0.0560 AU)
* Mar 27 - 30th Anniversary (1969), Mariner 7 Launch (Mars Flyby Mission)
* Mar 28 - Pierre Simon Laplace's 250th Birthday (1749)
* Mar 29 - 25th Anniversary (1974), Mariner 10, 1st Mercury Flyby
___ _____ ___
/_ /| /____/ \ /_ /| Ron Baalke | baalke@kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov
| | | | __ \ /| | | | Jet Propulsion Lab |
___| | | | |__) |/ | | |__ Pasadena, CA | The truth always turns out
/___| | | | ___/ | |/__ /| | to be simpler than you
|_____|/ |_|/ |_____|/ | thought. Richard Feynman
Hа сегодня все, пока!
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