Дата: 04 февраля 1998 (1998-02-04)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Indonesian Satellite Sector Update
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Indonesian Satellite Sector Update
Jakarta - Feb 4 1998 - P.T. Pasifik Satelit Nusantara (Nasdaq: PSNRY)
Indonesia's first private satellite company, issued a statement on its
operations, Wednesday, outlining the outlook for its Multi-Media Asia
(M2A) satellite communications initiative and its general business
outlook. This has previously been reported as impacting Space Systems
Loral's employment levels.
For a web version of this release please visit http://www.spacer.com
otherwise read on - public domain company press release
**********************************
Indonesian Satellite Sector Update
Jakarta - Feb 4 1998 - As has been reported, the company has notified
Space Systems/Loral (SS/L), which is constructing an FS1300 satellite
for the project, that it intends to delay delivery of the satellite,
which was originally scheduled for early 1999. PSN has opted to delay
delivery in recognition of economic conditions in Indonesia. However,
the company also noted that the M2A service remains viable using
existing satellite capacity owned by the company, and that it continues
to work toward commencing a reduced-capacity, yet fully functional,
version of M2A in 1999.
``Given the economic conditions prevalent throughout Asia in recent
months, the company has naturally developed strategic alternatives for
each of its telecommunications projects in the event these conditions
persist,'' noted Mr. Adi Adiwoso, Chief Executive Officer of both
Multi-Media Asia Indonesia (M2A's parent entity) and Pasifik Satelit
Nusantara. ``In the case of M2A, we have long established that the
project is feasible using the M2A ground segment supplied by Alcatel
with our existing extended C-band transponders on the Palapa C1 and
Palapa C2 satellites. Such a structure can deliver full M2A service as
originally contemplated, with sufficient capacity to cover the first two
to three years of market demand. Ultimately, of course, launch of the
M2A satellite is vital to our goal of reaching a maximum number of
subscribers and delivering to Asia the first fully integrated voice,
data, and multimedia communications system. We continue to work towards
that goal and look forward to resuming our work with SS/L when economic
conditions permit.''
Mr. Adiwoso continued, ``M2A will offer unprecedented opportunities for
development in Indonesia and Asia by delivering multimedia
telecommunications services at very low cost. It is a revolutionary
program for many in the Asia-Pacific region, and key to developing the
infrastructure which is crucial to Asia's future.''
M2A is a highly advanced multimedia satellite network, which will
ultimately provide telephone, fax, Internet access, and other multimedia
services such as direct-to-home (DTH) television to some four million
subscribers in Indonesia and other Asian countries. The system is
designed to overcome the various challenges that have left Indonesia and
other parts of Asia with among the lowest teledensities in the world.
Mr. Adiwoso also commented on PSN's mobile satellite project, Asia
Cellular Satellite (ACeS), noting, ``The fully funded ACeS project
continues on schedule for its launch in the first quarter of 1999. The
satellite's
critical design review (CDR) was completed in mid January, and the
system's CDR is expected to be completed in the coming weeks. To date,
we have signed National Service Providers (NSP's) for Thailand,
Indonesia, the Philippines and Taiwan, and formed a joint venture with
two cellular operators in India. ACeS is also in advanced discussions
with three other countries within its coverage area.''
Pasifik Satelit Nusantara (PSN) is the first private satellite
communications company in Indonesia and, with over US$200 million in
assets, is also one of the leading satellite companies in the Asia
Pacific. Based in Jakarta, PSN is focused on becoming a fully
integrated provider of satellite-based telecommunications products and
services in Asia, including the wholesale leasing of satellite capacity
and the following three new services under development which are to be
offered to end-users:
Xpress Connection (TM), a low cost, VSAT-based rural telephone service;
Asia Cellular Satellite (ACeS), a satellite-based, handheld digital
mobile telecommunications system providing both voice and data services;
and
Multi-Media Asia (M2A), Asia's first satellite-based multimedia digital
telecommunications system (MMDS), supporting two-way voice and data
services, Internet access, fax and DTH television services.
Pasifik Satelit Nusantara NASDAQ news listing ---
http://mktnews.nasdaq.com/scripts/news/nasdnews.asp?usymbol=psnry&logo=n&compa
nyname=p.t.%20pasifik%20satelit%20nusantara
a SpaceCast service - http://www.spacer.com
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Дата: 04 февраля 1998 (1998-02-04)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: SJI's Sky and Space Update - January 30, 1998
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SAN JUAN INSTITUTE'S SKY AND SPACE UPDATE
Summary information about the night sky and recent findings and events
in solar system exploration and science. Updated every 2 weeks.
LAST UPDATED: FRI. JAN. 30, 1998
Prepared by: Dr. Bruce Betts and Andre Bormanis
OBJECTS TO LOOK FOR IN THE NIGHT SKY (MID-NORTHERN LATITUDES)
VENUS is visible in the east-southeast in the early morning, looking
like an extremely bright star. In a small telescope, the planet appears as
a long, thin crescent. Some people claim that during the first few days of
February, when the crescent is at its largest, sharp-eyed observers may be
able to discern the crescent shape with their naked eyes. Watch Venus
carefully as the breaking dawn reduces the planet=92s glare to see if you=
can
make out its crescent shape.
MERCURY is too close to the Sun to be seen for the next several weeks.
MARS is low in the southwest in the early evening. It looks like a
yellowish-orange star.
JUPITER, looking like a very bright white star, is very low in the
southwest part of the sky shortly after sunset.
SATURN is in the southwest shortly after sunset. It is the brightest
object in this part of the sky, looking like a yellowish star.
THE MOON
First Quarter Moon occurs Feb. 3 at 2:53 p.m. PST (UT - 8 hours).
Full Moon occurs Feb. 11 at 2:23 a.m. PST. This month=92s full Moon is
also known as the Snow or Trapper Moon.
HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT UPDATE
SPACE SHUTTLE: Space Shuttle Endeavour de-coupled from the Russian Mir
space station on Jan. 29. It is expected to return to Earth on Jan. 31
around 2:30 p.m. PST.
NASA has announced a significant achievement toward the first launch of
the International Space Station. The first of the Space Shuttle's new, very
lightweight external fuel tanks was rolled out at NASA's Michoud Assembly
Facility in New Orleans, LA on Jan. 16. The manager of the External Tank
Project at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center, Parker Counts, noted that in
order to launch Space Station components to their intended orbits, "the
Space Shuttle system needed additional performance -- either through more
power or less weight. Since each pound removed from the external tank
equals a pound of payload that can be carried into space, NASA developed the
super lightweight tank."
The new tank is the same size as the current Shuttle external tank, but
weighs about 7,500 pounds less. The external tank holds liquid hydrogen and
liquid oxygen in two separate tanks to power the Shuttle's three main
engines. Structural changes and a new aluminum lithium alloy =96 stronger
than the alloy currently used in the Shuttle=92s external tank =96 account=
for
the reduction in tank weight. Its first launch is scheduled in May on=
STS-91.
SEN. JOHN GLENN WILL FLY ON THE SPACE SHUTTLE: U.S. Senator John Glenn
will join the crew of the Space Shuttle Discovery when it lifts off sometime
in October. Glenn will serve as a payload specialist on that mission.
Glenn made history 35 years ago when he became the first American to orbit
the Earth. He recently expressed interest to NASA in flying in space again
to conduct research on aging. "Not only is John Glenn a Marine test pilot,
an astronaut, and the first American to orbit the Earth, he brings a unique
blend of experience to NASA," according to NASA Administrator Dan Goldin.
"He has flight, operational, and policy experience. Unlike most astronauts,
he never got the opportunity for a second flight. He is part of the NASA
family, an American hero, and he has the right stuff for this mission."
The biomedical experiments that will be conducted on this mission are a
joint project between NASA and the National Institute on Aging, part of the
National Institutes of Health. The research will include studies on sleep
disorders, muscle atrophy, balance, and clinical evaluations of blood and
heart function. The oldest person to fly into space to date was 61 years
old. Glenn will be 77 when he makes his flight in October.
TEACHER TO FLY ON SHUTTLE: NASA has selected Barbara Morgan, an
elementary school teacher from McCall, Idaho, to join the next astronaut
candidate class as a mission specialist. Morgan will need to train for at
least a year to become a fully-qualified shuttle astronaut. =20
More information on the Space Shuttle program can be found at
http://shuttle.nasa.gov.
THESE WEEKS IN SPACE HISTORY
JAN. 30, 1868: Tens of thousands of meteorites bombarded the
countryside near Pultusk, a small town just north of Warsaw, Poland. The
meteorites were fragments of an asteroid, perhaps five or six meters in
diameter, that exploded when it slammed into the Earth's atmosphere at a
speed of several dozen kilometers per second. Most of the recovered
fragments were about the size of peas, but the largest weighed some 10
kilograms.
FEB. 3, 1966: The unmanned Soviet spacecraft Luna 9 makes the first
soft-landing on the Moon.
FEB. 8, 1600: Italian monk Giordano Bruno was burned at the stake for
supporting the notion that the Sun lies at the center of the solar system.
RANDOM SPACE FACT
The elements Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen =96 all crucial to
life =96 are found in roughly the same proportions in comets and human=
beings.
**********************************************************************
The San Juan Institute (SJI) is a non-profit corporation headquartered
in San Juan Capistrano, CA with divisions there and in Tucson, AZ. SJI
carries out research and education in planetary and Earth sciences and
astronomy, with funding provided by government grants and private donations,
which are always needed. Partial funding for the SSU has been provided by
NASA's Solar System Exploration Division.
San Juan Capistrano Research Institute Ph: 714-240-2010, Fax:=
714-240-0482
31882 Camino Capistrano, Suite 107 Email: educate@sji.org
San Juan Capistrano, CA 92675 Web site: http://www.sji.org
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Дата: 04 февраля 1998 (1998-02-04)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: This Week On Galileo - February 2-9, 1998
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THIS WEEK ON GALILEO
February 2-8, 1998
On this week's schedule, Galileo will transmit to Earth pictures and science
information that were on the tail end of last week's schedule. This data,
gathered during the Dec. 16 Europa flyby, when the spacecraft dipped 200
kilometers (124 miles) above the surface, was stored on the spacecraft's
onboard tape recorder. It includes science information obtained by Galileo's
camera of the Gilgamesh region of Jupiter's moon Ganymede. This is followed
by a global observation of Europa performed by the Near Infrared Mapping
Spectrometer, then the final part of the week contains the processing and
transmission of two more camera observations. Both are of Europa, with one
showing a region containing unusual fretted shaped, and the other depicting
a region of dark lines.
Galileo is scheduled to perform a spacecraft turn and a flight path maneuver
this week, both of which will exercise the spacecraft's attitude control
system that has behaved anomalously on two occasions since December 1997.
Flight team members and JPL experts have confirmed that the cause of the two
incidents was a hardware error in one of the spacecraft's two gyroscopes.
Analysis efforts are now focused on understanding the characteristics of the
error and the conditions under which the behavior may deteriorate.
Remember that the gyroscopes are the part of the attitude control system
that can be used to control where the spacecraft is pointing. This control
is typically provided by another part of the subsystem (the star scanner)
that scans the sky surrounding the spacecraft for visible stars. The
gyroscopes are used when the stars that are visible are not good enough to
be used for this purpose, when the star scanner view must be covered to
avoid over-exposure and damage due to the presence of bright light, or when
the spacecraft is performing a turn and the star scanner is changing the
stars it is using as a reference. In addition, the gyroscopes are needed for
accurate remote sensing instrument pointing. They provide data on motion of
the spacecraft that is small enough to not affect the operation of the star
scanner (and control of where the spacecraft is pointing), but are large
enough to affect where the instrument pack is pointing. The gryoscopes,
which are mounted on the instrument pack platform, can detect this small
motion, compensate for it and keep the instruments pointed where desired.
The commands for this weeks' spacecraft turn and maneuvers are being built
with extra safeguards. These safeguards will protect the spacecraft from the
anomalous behavior of the gyroscope and will ensure that the spacecraft
remains pointed where desired by the flight team. The turn is being
performed to keep the spacecraft's radio antenna pointing near the Earth.
Turns like this one are required periodically to keep up with the Earth's
motion across the sky. This week's flight path maneuver is the last orbit
path correction prior to the spacecraft's close flyby of Europa scheduled
for next week.
For more information on the Galileo spacecraft and its mission to Jupiter,
please visit the Galileo home page:
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/
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Дата: 04 февраля 1998 (1998-02-04)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Release Of Galileo Images During GEM
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Release of Galileo Images During GEM
On December 7, 1997, the Galileo spacecraft completed its two-year "Prime
Mission" study at Jupiter. At that point, we entered a new phase, the
"Galileo Europa Mission" (GEM), a tightly focussed, low-cost continuation of
Galileo's exploration of the Jovian system, scheduled to last through the
end of 1999.
To accomodate the associated cost-reduction needed to conduct the GEM
mission, the daily release of images on the Galileo Home Page that was
conducted during Galileo's primary mission in 1996-1997, is being replaced
with periodic releases of related collections of images and data that put
the data into the bigger picture of what we are learning at Jupiter, as the
scientific analysis continues. The timing of the releases will be lead by
our scientific discoveries. We will augment these releases with weekly
educational, public event, and mission status releases and stories; we'll
have many interesting activities coming during this exciting phase of the
mission. The first closeup images of Europa taken during the Europa 12
encounter will be released in March 1998
The full data sets from the previous orbits are being released approximately
one year after the data has been received on Earth. See the following schedule
for
the public release dates.
Galileo Primary Mission (6/96-12/97)
Solid State Imaging Orbital Data Sets
Public Release Schedule
Orbit 1 (G1) September 06, 1997
Orbit 2 (G2) November 04, 1997
Orbit 3 (C3) December 19, 1997
Orbit 4 (E4) February 20, 1998
Orbit 6 (E6) April 05, 1998
Orbit 7 (G7) May 07, 1998
Orbit 8 (G8) June 25, 1998
Orbit 9 (C9) September 17, 1998
Orbit 10 (C10) November 06, 1998
Orbit 11 (E11) & GEM Schedules will be posted when available.
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